Abstract：
In Europe, the prevalence of food allergy is estimated at 6-8% of children. Ten to 20% of pediatric food-induced anaphylaxis reactions occur at school. Individual healthcare plans (IHP) for food allergy aim at: identifying children at risk of allergic reactions; reducing the risk of allergen exposure; providing emergency kits containing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) if needed with emergency action plans and instructions about when and how to use AAI. In France, IHP were introduced into law in 2003 and was updated in 2021. The number of IHP for allergy is increasing since 10 years (50,000 IHP for allergy/year). While the recommendations of the learned societies have resulted in the national harmonization of criteria for the implementation of IHP for allergy and for the prescription of emergency kits with AAI, adrenaline remains underused. In 2019, a national policy stated that all high schools must have a provision of spare AAI in case of anaphylaxis and the promotion of school staff training about food allergy and anaphylaxis was encouraged. These recommendations should be assessed widely and allergy training should be widespread. Pharmacists play an important role to take care of food-allergic children: provision of AAI prescribed for the most at-risk food allergic patients, advice and information on AAI. The pharmacist is therefore a key player in the therapeutic education of the patient to reinforce the key messages on the efficacy and safety of adrenaline used for anaphylaxis.
摘要：
在欧洲,食物过敏的患病率估计为6-8%的儿童。10％至20％的儿童食物引起的过敏反应发生在学校。针对食物过敏的个人医疗保健计划（IHP）旨在：识别有过敏反应风险的儿童；降低过敏原暴露的风险；如果需要，提供包含肾上腺素自动注射器（AAI）的应急工具包，并提供紧急行动计划以及有关何时以及如何使用AAI的说明。在法国,国际水文计划于2003年引入法律，并于2021年更新。自10年以来，用于过敏的IHP数量正在增加（50,000IHP用于过敏/年）。虽然学会的建议导致了国家统一的标准，以实施过敏和AAI应急包处方的IHP，肾上腺素仍未得到充分利用。2019年，一项国家政策规定，所有高中都必须在过敏反应的情况下提供备用AAI，并鼓励促进学校工作人员对食物过敏和过敏反应的培训。应广泛评估这些建议，并应广泛进行过敏培训。药剂师在照顾食物过敏儿童方面发挥着重要作用：为最危险的食物过敏患者提供AAI，关于AAI的建议和信息。因此，药剂师是患者治疗教育的关键参与者，以加强关于用于过敏反应的肾上腺素的功效和安全性的关键信息。
