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Abstract：
The Kaliningrad region is known for its specific climate, which can negatively affect the adaptive potential of the body. This manifests in an increased incidence of respiratory diseases and skin conditions. To prevent high morbidity, a plant protein product was included in the diet of first-year university students. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this food intervention in preventing the most common diseases among Kaliningrad students. Two groups of university students took part in the food trial. In the control group, catabolic processes prevailed in nutrient metabolism. Disadaptation manifested itself in the metabolism of proteins, vitamins, minerals, hematopoiesis and humoral immunity. Inflammation was indicated by α1- and α2-globulins, a weak immune response, and IgM and IgG. High oxidative stress and low antioxidative ability of blood serum were observed. The plant-based protein product (FP) helped preserve testosterone level and prevent an increase in catabolic reactions. Moreover, it had a positive effect on both red blood cell hematopoiesis (a smaller increase in the average volume of erythrocytes, the same average concentration and content of hemoglobin, an increased relative red cell distribution width (RDW) and white blood cell hematopoiesis (a beneficial effect for the immune system: lymphocytes, the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils). The stimulation of humoral immunity was evidenced by beta- and gamma-globulins, an active immune response, the level of IgM and IgG, antioxidant protection, reduction of peroxides and an increase in antioxidant activity of blood serum. The 34-week observation showed a 1.7-fold decrease in the incidence of respiratory illnesses and a 5.7-fold decrease in skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. Acute respiratory infections were reduced 1.8-fold. There were no cases of community-acquired pneumonia in the treatment group, compared with 55.1‰ in the control group. The incidence of respiratory diseases was 3.3-10.6 times lower in the treatment group than in the control group in weeks 6-19. The findings testify to the prophylactic effect of functional food during social adaptation and acclimatization of students.
摘要：
加里宁格勒地区以其特殊的气候而闻名，这会对身体的适应性潜力产生负面影响。这表现为呼吸系统疾病和皮肤状况的发病率增加。为了防止高发病率，大学一年级学生的饮食中包括一种植物蛋白产品。这项研究旨在评估这种食物干预措施在预防加里宁格勒学生最常见疾病方面的有效性。两组大学生参加了食品试验。在对照组中，分解代谢过程普遍存在于营养代谢。不适应表现在蛋白质的代谢中，维生素,矿物,造血和体液免疫。炎症表现为α1-和α2-球蛋白，微弱的免疫反应，IgM和IgG。观察到血清的高氧化应激和低抗氧化能力。基于植物的蛋白质产品（FP）有助于保持睾丸激素水平并防止分解代谢反应的增加。此外，它对红细胞造血都有积极作用（红细胞平均体积的增加较小，血红蛋白的平均浓度和含量相同，增加的相对红细胞分布宽度（RDW）和白细胞造血（对免疫系统的有益作用：淋巴细胞，中性粒细胞的相对含量，单核细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞)。β-和γ-球蛋白证明了体液免疫的刺激，积极的免疫反应，IgM和IgG的水平，抗氧化保护，过氧化物的减少和血清抗氧化活性的增加。34周的观察显示，呼吸系统疾病的发病率降低了1.7倍，皮肤和皮下组织疾病的发病率降低了5.7倍。急性呼吸道感染减少1.8倍。治疗组无社区获得性肺炎病例,对照组为55.1‰。6～19周,治疗组呼吸系统疾病发生率比对照组低3.3～10.6倍。研究结果证明了功能性食品在学生社会适应和适应过程中的预防作用。
