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Abstract：
Respirometry tests are a widely employed method in wastewater treatment field to characterize wastewater streams, assess toxic/inhibitory effects to the biomass, calibrate mathematical models. Respirometry can allow to fractionize the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in biodegradable and inert fractions, but also provide information related to biomass kinetics and stoichiometry through standardized laboratory techniques. Considering the increasing number of emerging contaminants detected in wastewater effluents, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides, respirometry can be a useful tool to promptly assess any toxic or inhibitory effect in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operations. Beside conventional activated sludge (CAS), in recent years respirometric methods have been applied to innovative fields, such as moving-bed bio-reactors (MBBRs), fungi and microalgae, exploiting natural remediation methods. In particular, respirometry application to microalgae, through the so-called photo-respirometry, has been investigated in the latest years in the treatment of high-nutrient loaded streams, allowing resource recovery in biomass form. In this work, respirometric methods are first introduced from a theoretical basis and then critically discussed by considering the experimental apparatus, the available characterization protocols and the fields of application; the most recent literature findings on respirometry are coupled with authors\' experience in the field. A comparison between physicochemical methods and respirometry is made, considering common protocols for WWTP modelling and calibration. The future research needed on the topic is finally outlined, including the coupling of respirometry with microbial community analysis, potentially leading to an enhanced process understanding, an extended respirometry utilization to get specific kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for modelling purposes, and a wider respirometry application as diagnosis tool in WWTP operations.
摘要：
呼吸测定测试是废水处理领域中广泛使用的表征废水流的方法，评估对生物质的毒性/抑制作用，校准数学模型。呼吸测定法可以使可生物降解和惰性馏分中的化学需氧量（COD）分级，而且还通过标准化的实验室技术提供有关生物质动力学和化学计量的信息。考虑到废水中检测到的新兴污染物数量不断增加，比如药物，个人护理产品和杀虫剂，呼吸测量法可以是一个有用的工具，以及时评估任何毒性或抑制作用在污水处理厂（WWTP）操作。除常规活性污泥（CAS）外，近年来，呼吸测量方法已应用于创新领域，如移动床生物反应器(MBBR)，真菌和微藻，利用自然修复方法。特别是,呼吸测量法在微藻中的应用，通过所谓的光呼吸测量法，在最近几年中，在高营养负荷的溪流的治疗中进行了研究，允许以生物质形式回收资源。在这项工作中,首先从理论基础上介绍呼吸测量方法，然后通过考虑实验装置进行批判性讨论，可用的表征协议和应用领域；呼吸测量法的最新文献发现与作者在该领域的经验相结合。对物理化学方法和呼吸测量法进行了比较，考虑WWTP建模和校准的通用协议。最后概述了该主题所需的未来研究，包括呼吸测量法与微生物群落分析的耦合，可能导致对过程的理解增强，扩展的呼吸测量利用，以获得用于建模目的的特定动力学和化学计量参数，以及更广泛的呼吸测量应用，作为污水处理厂操作中的诊断工具。
