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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is a rare, potentially fatal disease. There is currently a lack of detailed clinical information available regarding this disease.
OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study investigated the clinical manifestations, treatment, and long-term prognosis of congenital TB.
METHODS: Patients were treated in Beijing Children\'s Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) between 2009 and 2018. Their demographic data, maternal and family histories, symptoms and signs, treatment information, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected using the hospital\'s electronic information system.
RESULTS: Ten infants with congenital TB were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 36.6 ± 2.2 weeks and mean birth weight was 2517 ± 487 g. All 10 patients exhibited fever, nine patients (90%) had anemia, and six patients (60%) had extrauterine growth retardation. On chest computed tomography scans, all 10 patients presented multiple pulmonary nodules and four patients (40%) had mediastinal adenopathy. Nine out of ten (90%) completed the T-spot test, and eight of them (8/9, 89%) were positive. Anti-TB treatment was initiated upon diagnostic confirmation. All patients (100%) received combined treatment with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Eight of 10 patients (80%) received combined treatment with INH, RIF, and pyrazinamide. The survival rate was 100%. One patient was lost to follow-up and four patients are currently continuing treatment. Three of nine patients (33%) achieved normal developmental milestones at 6 months of age.
CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis based on maternal history, typical imaging results, and timely treatment can improve outcomes in infants with congenital TB.
OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study investigated the clinical manifestations, treatment, and long-term prognosis of congenital TB.
METHODS: Patients were treated in Beijing Children\'s Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) between 2009 and 2018. Their demographic data, maternal and family histories, symptoms and signs, treatment information, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected using the hospital\'s electronic information system.
RESULTS: Ten infants with congenital TB were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 36.6 ± 2.2 weeks and mean birth weight was 2517 ± 487 g. All 10 patients exhibited fever, nine patients (90%) had anemia, and six patients (60%) had extrauterine growth retardation. On chest computed tomography scans, all 10 patients presented multiple pulmonary nodules and four patients (40%) had mediastinal adenopathy. Nine out of ten (90%) completed the T-spot test, and eight of them (8/9, 89%) were positive. Anti-TB treatment was initiated upon diagnostic confirmation. All patients (100%) received combined treatment with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Eight of 10 patients (80%) received combined treatment with INH, RIF, and pyrazinamide. The survival rate was 100%. One patient was lost to follow-up and four patients are currently continuing treatment. Three of nine patients (33%) achieved normal developmental milestones at 6 months of age.
CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis based on maternal history, typical imaging results, and timely treatment can improve outcomes in infants with congenital TB.
摘要：
目的：先天性结核病（TB）是一种罕见的，潜在的致命疾病。目前缺乏关于这种疾病的详细临床信息。
目的：这项回顾性研究调查了临床表现，治疗,先天性结核病的长期预后。
方法：患者在北京儿童医院接受治疗，首都医科大学(北京,中国）2009年至2018年。他们的人口统计数据,母亲和家族史,症状和体征,治疗信息,和随访数据使用医院的电子信息系统进行回顾性收集。
结果：纳入10例先天性结核病患儿。平均胎龄为36.6±2.2周，平均出生体重为2517±487g。9名患者（90%）有贫血，6例(60%)宫外发育迟缓。胸部计算机断层扫描,所有10例患者均出现多发肺结节,4例患者(40%)有纵隔腺病.十分之九(90%)完成了T点测试,其中8人(8/9，89%)呈阳性。在诊断确认后开始抗TB治疗。所有患者（100％）均接受异烟肼（INH）和利福平（RIF）的联合治疗。10例患者中有8例（80％）接受了INH的联合治疗，RIF,还有吡嗪酰胺.成活率为100%。一名患者失访，四名患者目前正在继续治疗。9名患者中有3名（33％）在6个月大时达到了正常的发育里程碑。
结论：根据母体病史进行早期诊断，典型成像结果，及时治疗可以改善先天性结核病婴儿的预后。
目的：这项回顾性研究调查了临床表现，治疗,先天性结核病的长期预后。
方法：患者在北京儿童医院接受治疗，首都医科大学(北京,中国）2009年至2018年。他们的人口统计数据,母亲和家族史,症状和体征,治疗信息,和随访数据使用医院的电子信息系统进行回顾性收集。
结果：纳入10例先天性结核病患儿。平均胎龄为36.6±2.2周，平均出生体重为2517±487g。9名患者（90%）有贫血，6例(60%)宫外发育迟缓。胸部计算机断层扫描,所有10例患者均出现多发肺结节,4例患者(40%)有纵隔腺病.十分之九(90%)完成了T点测试,其中8人(8/9，89%)呈阳性。在诊断确认后开始抗TB治疗。所有患者（100％）均接受异烟肼（INH）和利福平（RIF）的联合治疗。10例患者中有8例（80％）接受了INH的联合治疗，RIF,还有吡嗪酰胺.成活率为100%。一名患者失访，四名患者目前正在继续治疗。9名患者中有3名（33％）在6个月大时达到了正常的发育里程碑。
结论：根据母体病史进行早期诊断，典型成像结果，及时治疗可以改善先天性结核病婴儿的预后。
