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Abstract：
Spore-forming bacteria are resistant to stress conditions owing to their ability to form highly resistant dormant spores. These spores can survive adverse environmental conditions in nature, as well as decontamination processes in the food and related industries. Bacterial spores may return to their vegetative state through a process called germination. As spore germination is critical for the loss of resistance, outgrowth, and development of pathogenicity and spoilage potential, the germination pathway has piqued the interest of the scientific community. The inhibition and induction of germination have critical applications in the food industry. Targeted germination can aid in decreasing the resistance of spores and allow the application of milder inactivation procedures. This germination-inactivation strategy allows better maintenance of important food quality attributes. Different stimuli are reported to trigger germination. Among those, isostatic high pressure (HP) has gained increasing attention due to its potential applications in industrial processes. However, pressure-mediated spore germination is extremely heterogeneous as some spores germinate rapidly, while others exhibit slow germination or do not undergo germination at all. The successful and safe implementation of the germination-inactivation strategy, however, depends on the germination of all spores. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the mechanisms of HP-mediated germination. This work aimed to critically review the current state of knowledge on Bacillus spore germination at a moderate HP of 50-300 MPa. In this review, the germination mechanism, heterogeneity, and influencing factors have been outlined along with knowledge gaps.
摘要：
孢子形成细菌由于能够形成高度抗性的休眠孢子而对胁迫条件具有抗性。这些孢子可以在自然界不利的环境条件下生存，以及食品和相关行业的去污过程。细菌孢子可以通过称为发芽的过程恢复到它们的植物状态。由于孢子萌发是抗性丧失的关键,生长,以及致病性和腐败潜力的发展，发芽途径引起了科学界的兴趣。发芽的抑制和诱导在食品工业中具有关键的应用。靶向发芽可以帮助降低孢子的抗性并允许应用更温和的灭活程序。这种发芽失活策略可以更好地维持重要的食品质量属性。据报道，不同的刺激会触发发芽。其中,等静压高压（HP）由于其在工业过程中的潜在应用而受到越来越多的关注。然而,压力介导的孢子萌发是非常不均匀的，因为一些孢子快速萌发，而其他人表现出缓慢的发芽或根本不经历发芽。发芽-灭活策略的成功和安全实施，然而,取决于所有孢子的萌发。因此,需要阐明HP介导的萌发的机制.这项工作旨在批判性地回顾在50-300MPa的中等HP下芽孢杆菌孢子萌发的知识现状。在这次审查中,发芽机制，异质性，并概述了影响因素以及知识差距。
