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Abstract：
Sleep may contribute to the long-lasting consolidation and processing of emotional memories. Experimental fear conditioning and extinction paradigms model the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety disorders. The literature provides compelling evidence for the involvement of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the consolidation of such memories. This meta-analysis correlated polysomnographic sleep findings with psychophysiological reactivity to the danger (CS+) and safety stimuli (CS-), to clarify the specific role of sleep stages before and after fear conditioning, extinction learning and extinction recall. Overall, there was evidence that more pre-learning sleep stage two and less slow wave sleep was associated with higher psychophysiological reactivity to the safety stimulus during extinction learning. Preliminary evidence found here support the role of REM sleep during the post-extinction consolidation sleep phase in clinical populations with disrupted sleep, but not in healthy controls. Furthermore, the meta-regressions found that sex moderated the associations between sleep and psychophysiological reactivity throughout the paradigm providing evidence for diverging correlations in male and females. Specifically, increased post-extinction REM was associated with poorer extinction and safety recall in females while the opposite was found in males. These results have implications for future research in the role of sleep in emotional memory processing.
摘要：
睡眠可能有助于情绪记忆的持久巩固和处理。实验性的恐惧条件和灭绝范式模拟了发展，维护,和治疗焦虑症。文献为快速眼动（REM）睡眠参与这种记忆的巩固提供了令人信服的证据。这项荟萃分析将多导睡眠图睡眠结果与对危险（CS）和安全刺激（CS-）的心理生理反应性相关联，明确恐惧调理前后睡眠阶段的具体作用，灭绝学习和灭绝回忆。总的来说,有证据表明，更多的学习前睡眠阶段2和更少的慢波睡眠与灭绝学习期间对安全刺激的更高的心理生理反应相关。这里发现的初步证据支持REM睡眠在灭绝后巩固睡眠阶段在睡眠中断的临床人群中的作用。但不是在健康的控制中。此外，荟萃回归发现,在整个范式中,性别调节了睡眠和心理生理反应性之间的关联,为男性和女性的不同相关性提供了证据.具体来说,灭绝后REM的增加与女性的灭绝和安全召回较差有关，而男性则相反。这些结果对未来研究睡眠在情绪记忆处理中的作用具有重要意义。
