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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes, the use of medicinal plants is increasing due to fewer side effects. This study was designed to examine antidiabetic effects of Allium jesdianum (A. jesdianum) ethanolic extract and evaluate its effects on oxidative stress markers and the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) genes in the kidney of type 1 diabetic rats.
METHODS: In this study, we randomly divided 24 rats into four groups with six rats in each group as follows: Cnt group: normal control receiving normal saline, Dibt group: diabetic control receiving normal saline daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 250 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 500 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw daily. To induce diabetes, we used 55 mg/kg bw dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The concentration of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum urea, creatinine and albumin, SOD, MDA (using spectrophotometric methods) and gene expression of CTGF and RAGE in kidney tissue (using real-time PCR methods) were quantified in the diabetic rats that received A. jesdianum for 42 days, and were compared to control rats.
RESULTS: The results showed that in the diabetic group the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and expression of kidney CTGF and RAGE genes and the levels of SOD and MDA significantly increased and serum albumin significantly decreased compared to the Cnt group (p<0.001). Administration of A. jesdianum significantly improved the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and albumin compared to Dibt group (p<0.05). It was shown the A. jesdianum significantly decrease the kidney expression levels of CTGF and RAGE genes and improve oxidative stress (increased SOD and decreased MDA) in the kidney tissues when compared to Dibt group (p<0.001). Also, it was found that the beneficial effects of the A. jesdianum were dose-dependent.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that administration of A. jesdianum for 42 days has beneficial anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathic effects in diabetic rats and can be used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
METHODS: In this study, we randomly divided 24 rats into four groups with six rats in each group as follows: Cnt group: normal control receiving normal saline, Dibt group: diabetic control receiving normal saline daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 250 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 500 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw daily. To induce diabetes, we used 55 mg/kg bw dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The concentration of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum urea, creatinine and albumin, SOD, MDA (using spectrophotometric methods) and gene expression of CTGF and RAGE in kidney tissue (using real-time PCR methods) were quantified in the diabetic rats that received A. jesdianum for 42 days, and were compared to control rats.
RESULTS: The results showed that in the diabetic group the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and expression of kidney CTGF and RAGE genes and the levels of SOD and MDA significantly increased and serum albumin significantly decreased compared to the Cnt group (p<0.001). Administration of A. jesdianum significantly improved the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and albumin compared to Dibt group (p<0.05). It was shown the A. jesdianum significantly decrease the kidney expression levels of CTGF and RAGE genes and improve oxidative stress (increased SOD and decreased MDA) in the kidney tissues when compared to Dibt group (p<0.001). Also, it was found that the beneficial effects of the A. jesdianum were dose-dependent.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that administration of A. jesdianum for 42 days has beneficial anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathic effects in diabetic rats and can be used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
摘要：
目的：糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的主要并发症之一,由于副作用减少，药用植物的使用正在增加。这项研究旨在检查葱葱的抗糖尿病作用（A.jesdianum）乙醇提取物，并评估其对1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏中氧化应激标志物和结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）和糖基化终产物受体（RAGE）基因表达的影响。
方法：在本研究中，我们将24只大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:Cnt组:正常对照组接受生理盐水,Dibt组：糖尿病对照组，每日接受生理盐水，Dibt+A.jesdianum250组：每天接受剂量为250mg/kgbw的A.jesdianum的糖尿病大鼠，Dibt+A.jesdianum500组：每天接受剂量为500mg/kgbw的A.jesdianum的糖尿病大鼠。诱发糖尿病，我们腹膜内使用55mg/kgbw剂量的链脲佐菌素。空腹血糖（FBG）和血清尿素浓度，肌酐和白蛋白，SOD,在接受A.jesdianum42天的糖尿病大鼠中定量MDA（使用分光光度法）和肾组织中CTGF和RAGE的基因表达（使用实时PCR方法），并与对照大鼠进行了比较。
结果:结果显示糖尿病组FBG和血清尿素,与Cnt组相比，肌酐和肾脏CTGF和RAGE基因的表达以及SOD和MDA的水平显着升高，血清白蛋白显着降低（p<0.001）。服用A.jesdianum显着改善了FBG和血清尿素，肌酐和白蛋白与Dibt组相比（p<0.05）。结果表明，与Dibt组相比，A.jesdianum显着降低了CTGF和RAGE基因的肾脏表达水平，并改善了肾脏组织中的氧化应激（SOD增加和MDA减少）（p<0.001）。此外，发现A.jesdianum的有益作用是剂量依赖性的。
结论：本研究的结果表明，在糖尿病大鼠中服用A.jesdianum42天具有有益的抗糖尿病和抗肾病作用，可用作治疗糖尿病的辅助疗法。
方法：在本研究中，我们将24只大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:Cnt组:正常对照组接受生理盐水,Dibt组：糖尿病对照组，每日接受生理盐水，Dibt+A.jesdianum250组：每天接受剂量为250mg/kgbw的A.jesdianum的糖尿病大鼠，Dibt+A.jesdianum500组：每天接受剂量为500mg/kgbw的A.jesdianum的糖尿病大鼠。诱发糖尿病，我们腹膜内使用55mg/kgbw剂量的链脲佐菌素。空腹血糖（FBG）和血清尿素浓度，肌酐和白蛋白，SOD,在接受A.jesdianum42天的糖尿病大鼠中定量MDA（使用分光光度法）和肾组织中CTGF和RAGE的基因表达（使用实时PCR方法），并与对照大鼠进行了比较。
结果:结果显示糖尿病组FBG和血清尿素,与Cnt组相比，肌酐和肾脏CTGF和RAGE基因的表达以及SOD和MDA的水平显着升高，血清白蛋白显着降低（p<0.001）。服用A.jesdianum显着改善了FBG和血清尿素，肌酐和白蛋白与Dibt组相比（p<0.05）。结果表明，与Dibt组相比，A.jesdianum显着降低了CTGF和RAGE基因的肾脏表达水平，并改善了肾脏组织中的氧化应激（SOD增加和MDA减少）（p<0.001）。此外，发现A.jesdianum的有益作用是剂量依赖性的。
结论：本研究的结果表明，在糖尿病大鼠中服用A.jesdianum42天具有有益的抗糖尿病和抗肾病作用，可用作治疗糖尿病的辅助疗法。
