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Abstract：
To date, much of the research on individual difference correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence is cross-sectional, leaving prospective associations between these factors unaddressed. Additionally, investigations of prospective predictors of mask-wearing, COVID-19 symptoms, and viral testing remain wanting.
The present study examined prospective relations between demographic factors, personality traits, social cognitions and guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptoms, and viral testing in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial surge of COVID-19 deaths in the United State between late March and early May 2020.
Guided by a disposition-belief-motivation framework, correlational analyses, and path models tested associations among baseline personality traits, guideline adherence social cognitions, health beliefs, guideline adherence and follow-up guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptom counts, and 30-day viral testing.
Modeling results showed greater baseline agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were associated with more frequent baseline guideline adherence. More liberal political beliefs, greater guideline adherence intentions, and more frequent guideline adherence at baseline predicted more frequent mask-wearing at follow-up. Sex (female), lower perceived health, and greater neuroticism at baseline predicted greater symptom counts at follow-up. Reports of viral testing were quite low (1.80%), yet were consistent with concurrent national reporting and limited availability of testing.
Results show how inconsistencies and politicization of health policy communication were concomitant with the effects of individual-level political beliefs on mask-wearing during the initial surge. The results further clarify how personality traits related to social responsibility (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness) are associated with following new norms for prescribed behaviors and how symptom reporting can be as much a marker of perceived health as emotional stability.
The present study examined prospective relations between demographic factors, personality traits, social cognitions and guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptoms, and viral testing in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial surge of COVID-19 deaths in the United State between late March and early May 2020.
Guided by a disposition-belief-motivation framework, correlational analyses, and path models tested associations among baseline personality traits, guideline adherence social cognitions, health beliefs, guideline adherence and follow-up guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptom counts, and 30-day viral testing.
Modeling results showed greater baseline agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were associated with more frequent baseline guideline adherence. More liberal political beliefs, greater guideline adherence intentions, and more frequent guideline adherence at baseline predicted more frequent mask-wearing at follow-up. Sex (female), lower perceived health, and greater neuroticism at baseline predicted greater symptom counts at follow-up. Reports of viral testing were quite low (1.80%), yet were consistent with concurrent national reporting and limited availability of testing.
Results show how inconsistencies and politicization of health policy communication were concomitant with the effects of individual-level political beliefs on mask-wearing during the initial surge. The results further clarify how personality traits related to social responsibility (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness) are associated with following new norms for prescribed behaviors and how symptom reporting can be as much a marker of perceived health as emotional stability.
摘要：
迄今为止,关于冠状病毒指南依从性的个体差异相关的大部分研究是横断面的，这些因素之间的前瞻性关联尚未得到解决。此外,对戴口罩的预期预测因素的调查，COVID-19症状，和病毒测试仍然缺乏。
本研究考察了人口统计学因素之间的前瞻性关系，人格特质，社会认知和指导方针坚持，戴口罩,症状,在2020年3月下旬至5月初美国COVID-19死亡人数首次激增期间，对美国样本(N=500)进行了病毒检测。
在倾向-信念-动机框架的指导下，相关分析，路径模型测试了基线人格特质之间的关联，指导方针坚持社会认知，健康信念,指南依从性和后续指南依从性，戴口罩,症状计数，和30天的病毒检测。
建模结果显示了更高的基线一致性，尽责,和外向性与更频繁的基线指南依从性相关.更自由的政治信仰，更大的指导方针坚持意图，基线时更频繁的指南依从性预测随访时更频繁的口罩佩戴。性别（女性），较低的感知健康，基线时更高的神经质预示着随访时更多的症状计数。病毒检测的报告相当低(1.80%),但与同时进行的国家报告和有限的测试可用性一致.
结果表明，在最初的激增过程中，卫生政策沟通的不一致和政治化与个人政治信仰对口罩佩戴的影响相伴。结果进一步阐明了人格特质与社会责任的关系(即，令人愉快，责任心）与遵循规定行为的新规范以及症状报告如何与情绪稳定性一样成为感知健康的标志有关。
本研究考察了人口统计学因素之间的前瞻性关系，人格特质，社会认知和指导方针坚持，戴口罩,症状,在2020年3月下旬至5月初美国COVID-19死亡人数首次激增期间，对美国样本(N=500)进行了病毒检测。
在倾向-信念-动机框架的指导下，相关分析，路径模型测试了基线人格特质之间的关联，指导方针坚持社会认知，健康信念,指南依从性和后续指南依从性，戴口罩,症状计数，和30天的病毒检测。
建模结果显示了更高的基线一致性，尽责,和外向性与更频繁的基线指南依从性相关.更自由的政治信仰，更大的指导方针坚持意图，基线时更频繁的指南依从性预测随访时更频繁的口罩佩戴。性别（女性），较低的感知健康，基线时更高的神经质预示着随访时更多的症状计数。病毒检测的报告相当低(1.80%),但与同时进行的国家报告和有限的测试可用性一致.
结果表明，在最初的激增过程中，卫生政策沟通的不一致和政治化与个人政治信仰对口罩佩戴的影响相伴。结果进一步阐明了人格特质与社会责任的关系(即，令人愉快，责任心）与遵循规定行为的新规范以及症状报告如何与情绪稳定性一样成为感知健康的标志有关。
