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Abstract：
During past two decades, steroid hormones have raised significant public concerns due to their potential adverse effects on the hormonal functions of aquatic organisms and humans. Considering China being a big producer and consumer of steroid hormones, we summarize the current contamination status of steroid hormones in different environmental compartments in China, and preliminarily assess the associated risks to ecological systems. The results show that steroid hormones are ubiquitously present in Chinese surface waters where estrogens are the most studied steroids compared with androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids. Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and estriol (E3) are generally the dominant steroid estrogens in Chinese surface waters, whereas for the other steroids, androsterone (ADR), epi-androsterone (EADR), progesterone (PGT), cortisol (CRL) and cortisone (CRN) have relatively large contributions. Meanwhile, the investigations for the other environmental media such as particles, sediments, soils and groundwater have been limited, as well as for steroid conjugates and metabolites. The median risk quotients of most steroid hormones in surface waters and sediments are lower than 1, indicating low to moderate risks to local organisms. This review provides a full picture of steroid distribution and ecological risks in China, which may be useful for future monitoring and risk assessment. More studies may focus on the analysis of steroid conjugates, metabolites, solid phase fractions, analytical method development and acute/chronic toxicities in different matrices to pursue a more precise and holistic risk assessment.
摘要：
在过去的二十年里，由于类固醇激素对水生生物和人类的激素功能可能产生不利影响，因此引起了公众的极大关注。考虑到中国是类固醇激素的生产和消费大国，总结了我国不同环境区系类固醇激素的污染现状,并初步评估生态系统的相关风险。结果表明，类固醇激素普遍存在于中国地表水中，与雄激素相比，雌激素是研究最多的类固醇，孕激素和糖皮质激素。Estrone(E1),17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）和雌三醇（E3）通常是中国地表水中主要的类固醇雌激素，而对于其他类固醇，雄酮（ADR），表雄酮（EADR），孕酮（PGT），皮质醇（CRL）和可的松（CRN）的贡献相对较大。同时,对其他环境介质如颗粒的调查，沉积物,土壤和地下水有限，以及类固醇缀合物和代谢物。地表水和沉积物中大多数类固醇激素的风险商数中位数低于1，表明对当地生物的风险低至中等。这篇综述提供了中国类固醇分布和生态风险的全貌，这可能对未来的监测和风险评估有用。更多的研究可能集中在类固醇缀合物的分析上，代谢物，固相分数，分析方法开发和不同矩阵中的急性/慢性毒性，以追求更精确和整体的风险评估。
