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Abstract：
The visual pathways that bypass the primary visual cortex (V1) are often assumed to support visually guided behavior in humans in the absence of conscious vision. This conclusion is largely based on findings on patients: V1 lesions cause blindness but sometimes leave some visually guided behaviors intact-this is known as blindsight. With the aim of examining how well the findings on blindsight patients generalize to neurologically healthy individuals, we review studies which have tried to uncover transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced blindsight. In general, these studies have failed to demonstrate a completely unconscious blindsight-like capacity in neurologically healthy individuals. A possible exception to this is TMS-induced blindsight of stimulus presence or location. Because blindsight in patients is often associated with some form of introspective access to the visual stimulus, and blindsight may be associated with neural reorganization, we suggest that rather than revealing a dissociation between visually guided behavior and conscious seeing, blindsight may reflect preservation or partial recovery of conscious visual perception after the lesion.
摘要：
绕过初级视觉皮层（V1）的视觉通路通常被认为在没有意识视觉的情况下支持人类的视觉引导行为。这一结论主要是基于对患者的发现：V1病变会导致失明，但有时会留下一些视觉引导的行为——这就是所谓的失明。为了检查失明患者的发现对神经系统健康个体的推广程度，我们回顾了试图揭示经颅磁刺激（TMS）引起的失明的研究。总的来说,这些研究未能证明神经系统健康个体具有完全无意识的盲视能力。可能的例外是TMS引起的对刺激存在或位置的失明。因为患者的失明通常与某种形式的内省接触视觉刺激有关，失明可能与神经重组有关，我们建议，与其揭示视觉引导行为和有意识视觉之间的分离，失明可能反映病变后意识视觉的保留或部分恢复。
