PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
Smoke taint has become a prominent issue for the global wine industry as climate change continues to impact the length and extremity of fire seasons around the world. Although the issue has prompted a surge in research on the subject in recent years, no singular solution has yet been identified that is capable of maintaining the quality of wine made from smoke-affected grapes. In this review, we summarize the main research on smoke taint, the key discoveries, as well as the prevailing uncertainties. We also examine methods for mitigating smoke taint in the vineyard, in the winery, and post production. We assess the effectiveness of remediation methods (proposed and actual) based on available research. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies, suggesting that the most viable remedies for smoke taint are still the commercially available activated carbon fining and reverse osmosis treatments, but that the quality of the final treated wines is fundamentally dependent on the initial severity of the taint. In this review, suggestions for future studies are introduced for improving our understanding of methods that have thus far only been preliminarily investigated. We select regions that have already been subjected to severe wildfires, and therefore subjected to smoke taint (particularly Australia and California) as a case study to inform other wine-producing countries that will likely be impacted in the future and suggest specific data collection and policy implementation actions that should be taken, even in countries that have not yet been impacted by smoke taint. Ultimately, we streamline the available information on the topic of smoke taint, apply it to a global perspective that considers the various stakeholders involved, and provide a launching point for further research on the topic.
摘要：
随着气候变化继续影响世界各地火灾季节的长短和极端，烟雾污染已成为全球葡萄酒行业的一个突出问题。尽管这个问题促使近年来对该主题的研究激增，目前还没有发现能够保持由烟熏葡萄制成的葡萄酒质量的单一解决方案。在这次审查中,我们总结了烟雾污染的主要研究，关键发现,以及普遍存在的不确定性。我们还研究了减轻葡萄园烟雾污染的方法，在酒庄里，和后期制作。我们根据现有研究评估补救方法(建议和实际)的有效性。我们的发现与以前的研究一致，这表明，烟雾污染的最可行的补救措施仍然是市售的活性炭澄清和反渗透处理，但最终处理过的葡萄酒的质量从根本上取决于污染的初始严重程度。在这次审查中,提出了对未来研究的建议，以提高我们对迄今为止仅进行初步研究的方法的理解。我们选择已经遭受严重野火的地区，并因此受到烟雾污染（特别是澳大利亚和加利福尼亚州）作为案例研究，以告知其他葡萄酒生产国可能在未来受到影响，并建议应采取的具体数据收集和政策实施行动，即使在尚未受到烟雾污染影响的国家。最终,我们简化了有关烟雾污染的可用信息，将其应用于考虑所涉及的各种利益相关者的全球视角，并为该主题的进一步研究提供了起点。
