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Abstract：
Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs.
摘要：
Torovirus（ToV）最近被归类为新的Tobaniviridae家族，尽管它在历史上属于冠状病毒（CoV）家族。TUV与动物和人类的肠道疾病有关。与CoV相比，被认为是兽医和医学上重要的病原体，人们很少注意Tovs，因为它们的感染通常无症状或不严重；长期以来，只有一个马ToV可以在培养细胞中繁殖。然而,牛Tovs,主要导致小牛腹泻，已经在世界范围内被发现，造成经济损失。猪Tovs也在全球范围内传播；尽管它们没有造成严重的经济损失，与其他病原体共同感染会加剧他们的症状。此外,ToV之间频繁的间或内重组可增加发病机制或无法预测的宿主适应。这些发现强调了Tovs作为病原体的重要性以及对基础ToV研究的需求。这里,我们回顾了ToV分子生物学研究的最新进展，包括反向遗传学，重点介绍Tovs和Cov之间的异同。
