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Abstract：
Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) including HCoV-229E, -OC43, -NL63, and -HKU1 widely spread in global human populations. However, the relevance of humoral response against seasonal HCoVs to COVID-19 pathogenesis is elusive. In this study, we profiled the temporal changes of IgG antibody against spike proteins (S-IgG) of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs in 838 plasma samples collected from 344 COVID-19 patients. We tested the antigenic cross-reactivities of S protein between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs and evaluated the correlations between the levels of HCoV-OC43 S-IgG and the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We found that SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG titres mounted until days 22-28, whereas HCoV-OC43 antibody titres increased until days 15-21 and then plateaued until day 46. However, IgG titres against HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -HKU1 showed no significant increase. A two-way cross-reactivity was identified between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were not detectable in healthy controls who were positive for HCoV-OC43 S-IgG. HCoV-OC43 S-IgG titres were significantly higher in patients with severe disease than those in mild patients at days 1-21 post symptom onset (PSO). Higher levels of HCoV-OC43 S-IgG were also observed in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. At days 1-10 PSO, HCoV-OC43 S-IgG titres correlated to disease severity in the age group over 60. Our data indicate that there is a correlation between cross-reactive antibody against HCoV-OC43 spike protein and disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
摘要：
季节性人类冠状病毒（HCoV），包括HCoV-229E，-OC43，-NL63和-HKU1在全球人群中广泛传播。然而,针对季节性HCoV的体液反应与COVID-19发病机制的相关性尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们分析了从344例COVID-19患者中收集的838份血浆样本中SARS-CoV-2和季节性HCoV的抗尖峰蛋白IgG抗体(S-IgG)的时间变化.我们测试了SARS-CoV-2和季节性HCoV之间S蛋白的抗原交叉反应性，并评估了COVID-19患者HCoV-OC43S-IgG水平与疾病严重程度之间的相关性。我们发现SARS-CoV-2S-IgG滴度上升到第22-28天，而HCoV-OC43抗体滴度上升到第15-21天，然后稳定到第46天。然而,针对HCoV-NL63的IgG滴度，-229E，和-HKU1没有显着增加。在SARS-CoV-2和HCoV-OC43之间鉴定了双向交叉反应性。在HCoV-OC43S-IgG阳性的健康对照中检测不到针对SARS-CoV-2的中和抗体。在症状发作（PSO）后第1-21天，重症患者的HCoV-OC43S-IgG滴度明显高于轻度患者。在需要机械通气的患者中也观察到较高水平的HCoV-OC43S-IgG。在第1-10天PSO，HCoV-OC43S-IgG滴度与60岁以上年龄组的疾病严重程度相关。我们的数据表明，抗HCoV-OC43刺突蛋白的交叉反应抗体与COVID-19患者的疾病严重程度之间存在相关性。
