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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a functional tissue engineering approach that applies gradual mechanical traction on the bone tissues after osteotomy to stimulate bone regeneration. However, DO still has disadvantages that limit its clinical use, including long treatment duration.
METHODS: Review the current methods of promoting bone formation and consolidation in DO with particular interest on biometal.
RESULTS: Numerous approaches, including physical therapy, gene therapy, growth factor-based therapy, stem-cell-based therapy, and improved distraction devices, have been explored to reduce the DO treatment duration with some success. Nevertheless, no approach to date is widely accepted in clinical practice due to various reasons, such as high expense, short biologic half-life, and lack of effective delivery methods. Biometals, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co) have attracted attention in bone regeneration attributed to their biodegradability and bioactive components released during in vivo degradation.
CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the current therapies accelerating bone formation in DO and the beneficial role of biometals in bone regeneration, particularly focusing on the use of biometal Mg and its alloy in promoting bone formation in DO. Translational potential: The potential clinical applications using Mg-based devices to accelerate DO are promising. Mg stimulates expression of multiple intrinsic biological factors and the development of Mg as an implantable component in DO may be used to argument bone formation and consolidation in DO.
METHODS: Review the current methods of promoting bone formation and consolidation in DO with particular interest on biometal.
RESULTS: Numerous approaches, including physical therapy, gene therapy, growth factor-based therapy, stem-cell-based therapy, and improved distraction devices, have been explored to reduce the DO treatment duration with some success. Nevertheless, no approach to date is widely accepted in clinical practice due to various reasons, such as high expense, short biologic half-life, and lack of effective delivery methods. Biometals, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co) have attracted attention in bone regeneration attributed to their biodegradability and bioactive components released during in vivo degradation.
CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the current therapies accelerating bone formation in DO and the beneficial role of biometals in bone regeneration, particularly focusing on the use of biometal Mg and its alloy in promoting bone formation in DO. Translational potential: The potential clinical applications using Mg-based devices to accelerate DO are promising. Mg stimulates expression of multiple intrinsic biological factors and the development of Mg as an implantable component in DO may be used to argument bone formation and consolidation in DO.
摘要：
背景：牵张成骨（DO）是一种功能性组织工程方法，在截骨后对骨组织施加逐渐的机械牵引以刺激骨再生。然而,DO仍然有缺点限制其临床使用，包括治疗持续时间长。
方法：回顾目前在DO中促进骨形成和骨巩固的方法，对生物金属特别感兴趣。
结果：许多方法，包括物理治疗,基因治疗,基于生长因子的治疗，基于干细胞的治疗，和改进的分心装置，已经探索了减少DO治疗持续时间的方法，并取得了一些成功。然而，迄今为止，由于各种原因，没有一种方法在临床实践中被广泛接受，如高昂的费用，短的生物半衰期，缺乏有效的交付方式。生物金属,包括钙（Ca），镁(Mg),锌(Zn),铜(Cu),锰(Mn),和钴（Co）在骨再生中受到关注，这归因于它们的生物降解性和在体内降解过程中释放的生物活性成分。
结论：这篇综述总结了目前在DO中加速骨形成的疗法以及生物金属在骨再生中的有益作用。特别是在DO中使用生物金属Mg及其合金促进骨形成。转化潜力：使用镁基设备加速DO的潜在临床应用前景广阔。Mg刺激多种内在生物因子的表达，并且Mg作为DO中的可植入成分的发展可用于论证DO中的骨形成和巩固。
方法：回顾目前在DO中促进骨形成和骨巩固的方法，对生物金属特别感兴趣。
结果：许多方法，包括物理治疗,基因治疗,基于生长因子的治疗，基于干细胞的治疗，和改进的分心装置，已经探索了减少DO治疗持续时间的方法，并取得了一些成功。然而，迄今为止，由于各种原因，没有一种方法在临床实践中被广泛接受，如高昂的费用，短的生物半衰期，缺乏有效的交付方式。生物金属,包括钙（Ca），镁(Mg),锌(Zn),铜(Cu),锰(Mn),和钴（Co）在骨再生中受到关注，这归因于它们的生物降解性和在体内降解过程中释放的生物活性成分。
结论：这篇综述总结了目前在DO中加速骨形成的疗法以及生物金属在骨再生中的有益作用。特别是在DO中使用生物金属Mg及其合金促进骨形成。转化潜力：使用镁基设备加速DO的潜在临床应用前景广阔。Mg刺激多种内在生物因子的表达，并且Mg作为DO中的可植入成分的发展可用于论证DO中的骨形成和巩固。
