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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic infectious disease of public concern in Nigeria. The infection dynamics of the disease is not well elucidated in Nigeria. This study was carried out to describe the pattern of infection, case fatality rate and spread of lassa virus (LASV) from 2017 to 2020.
METHODS: Weekly epidemiological data on LF from December, 2016 to September, 2020 were obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. The number of confirmed cases and deaths were computed according to months and states. Descriptive statistics was performed and case fatality rate was calculated. Distribution and spread maps of LF over the four years period was performed on ArcMap 10.7.
RESULTS: A total of 2787 confirmed cases and 516 deaths were reported in Nigeria from December, 2016 to September, 2020. Increase in number of cases and deaths were observed with 298, 528, 796 and 1165 confirmed cases and 79, 125, 158 and 158 deaths in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. Over 60% of the cases were reported in two states, Edo and Ondo states. The LF cases spread from 19 states in 2017 to 32 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in 2020. Ondo state (25.39%) had the highest of deaths rate from LF over the four years. Case fatality rate (CFR) of LF was highest in 2017 (26.5%) with CFR of 23.7, 19.6 and 13.4% in 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. The peak of infection was in the month of February for the four years. Infections increases at the onset of dry season in November and decline till April when the wet season sets-in.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an annual increase in the number of LASV infection across the states in Nigeria. There is need to heighten control strategies through the use of integrated approach, ranging from vector control, health education and early diagnosis.
METHODS: Weekly epidemiological data on LF from December, 2016 to September, 2020 were obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. The number of confirmed cases and deaths were computed according to months and states. Descriptive statistics was performed and case fatality rate was calculated. Distribution and spread maps of LF over the four years period was performed on ArcMap 10.7.
RESULTS: A total of 2787 confirmed cases and 516 deaths were reported in Nigeria from December, 2016 to September, 2020. Increase in number of cases and deaths were observed with 298, 528, 796 and 1165 confirmed cases and 79, 125, 158 and 158 deaths in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. Over 60% of the cases were reported in two states, Edo and Ondo states. The LF cases spread from 19 states in 2017 to 32 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in 2020. Ondo state (25.39%) had the highest of deaths rate from LF over the four years. Case fatality rate (CFR) of LF was highest in 2017 (26.5%) with CFR of 23.7, 19.6 and 13.4% in 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. The peak of infection was in the month of February for the four years. Infections increases at the onset of dry season in November and decline till April when the wet season sets-in.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an annual increase in the number of LASV infection across the states in Nigeria. There is need to heighten control strategies through the use of integrated approach, ranging from vector control, health education and early diagnosis.
摘要：
背景：拉沙热（LF）是尼日利亚公众关注的人畜共患传染病。尼日利亚尚未很好地阐明该疾病的感染动态。这项研究是为了描述感染的模式，2017年至2020年拉萨病毒（LASV）的病死率和传播。
方法：从12月开始的LF每周流行病学数据，2016年9月,2020年从尼日利亚疾病控制中心获得。确诊病例和死亡人数是根据月份和州计算的。进行描述性统计并计算病死率。在ArcMap10.7上执行了LF在四年期间的分布和传播图。
结果：从12月起，尼日利亚共报告了2787例确诊病例和516例死亡，2016年9月,2020年。在2017年，2018年，2019年和2020年，病例和死亡人数分别增加了298、528、796和1165例确诊病例和79、125、158和158例死亡。超过60%的病例是在两个州报告的，Edo和Ondo州。LF病例从2017年的19个州扩散到2020年的32个州和联邦首都地区（FCT）。Ondo州（25.39％）在过去四年中，LF的死亡率最高。LF的病死率(CFR)在2017年最高(26.5%)，2018年、2019年和2020年的CFR分别为23.7%、19.6%和13.4%。四年来，感染的高峰期在2月。感染在11月旱季开始时增加，直到4月雨季开始时下降。
结论：尼日利亚各州的LASV感染人数逐年增加。有必要通过使用综合方法来加强控制策略，从矢量控制，健康教育和早期诊断。
方法：从12月开始的LF每周流行病学数据，2016年9月,2020年从尼日利亚疾病控制中心获得。确诊病例和死亡人数是根据月份和州计算的。进行描述性统计并计算病死率。在ArcMap10.7上执行了LF在四年期间的分布和传播图。
结果：从12月起，尼日利亚共报告了2787例确诊病例和516例死亡，2016年9月,2020年。在2017年，2018年，2019年和2020年，病例和死亡人数分别增加了298、528、796和1165例确诊病例和79、125、158和158例死亡。超过60%的病例是在两个州报告的，Edo和Ondo州。LF病例从2017年的19个州扩散到2020年的32个州和联邦首都地区（FCT）。Ondo州（25.39％）在过去四年中，LF的死亡率最高。LF的病死率(CFR)在2017年最高(26.5%)，2018年、2019年和2020年的CFR分别为23.7%、19.6%和13.4%。四年来，感染的高峰期在2月。感染在11月旱季开始时增加，直到4月雨季开始时下降。
结论：尼日利亚各州的LASV感染人数逐年增加。有必要通过使用综合方法来加强控制策略，从矢量控制，健康教育和早期诊断。
