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Abstract：
Radiographically assisted dental identification is an important means for individual identification. Specific identifiers help to quickly filter some of the possible corresponding AM and PM images at the beginning. The study seeks specific oral and maxillofacial identifiers in panoramic radiographs. A total of 920 panoramic radiographs from 460 live patients were used. The most recent radiograph served as the surrogate post-mortem (PM) record of an unidentified person, and the earliest radiograph served as the ante-mortem (AM) record of the same person. We evaluated the following four groups of identifiers of the images: (1) dental morphology, tooth number, and position; (2) dental treatment and pathology; (3) morphological identifiers of the jaw; and (4) pathological identifiers of the jaw. The ratio of each identifier being identified simultaneously in the AM and PM databases was determined. Specific identifiers were defined as those that appeared at low frequency (ratio: 0%-0.250%). A total of 18 specific oral and maxillofacial identifiers were determined. The specific identifiers were a retained deciduous tooth (0.011%), S-shaped deflection of a tooth root (0.012%), distal deflection of tooth root (0.017%), inverted impaction (0.018%), malposition (0.038%), supernumerary teeth (0.061%), mesial deflection of tooth root (0.092%), microdontia (0.136%), buccal/lingual impaction (0.188%), cementoma (0.002%), hypercementosis (0.002%), continuous crown (0.004%), pulp calcification (0.023%), attrition (0.030%), residual root (0.106%), root resorption (0.137%), implant (0.156%), and osteomyelitis (0.002%). Identifiers of the teeth and jaw can be used for human identification, and dental identifiers are more specific than identifiers of jaw.
摘要：
射线辅助牙体识别是个体识别的重要手段。特定标识符有助于在开始时快速过滤一些可能的对应AM和PM图像。该研究在全景X射线照片中寻找特定的口腔和颌面标识符。总共使用了来自460名活体患者的920张全景X射线照片。最新的射线照片是身份不明的人的替代验尸（PM）记录，最早的射线照片是同一人的死前（AM）记录。我们评估了以下四组图像的标识符：（1）牙齿形态，齿数,和位置;(2)牙科治疗和病理学;(3)颌的形态学标识符;和(4)颌的病理学标识符。确定在AM和PM数据库中同时识别的每个标识符的比率。特异性标识符被定义为以低频率出现的那些(比率:0%-0.250%)。总共确定了18个特定的口腔和颌面部标识符。具体的标识符是保留的乳牙（0.011％），齿根的S形偏转（0.012%），牙根远端偏转（0.017%），倒置嵌塞（0.018%），错位（0.038%），多余的牙齿（0.061%），齿根近中挠度(0.092%),microdontia(0.136%),颊/舌侧嵌塞（0.188%），牙骨质瘤（0.002%），骨水泥过度症（0.002%），连续冠（0.004%），牙髓钙化（0.023%），减员(0.030%)，残余根（0.106%），根吸收（0.137%），植入物（0.156%），骨髓炎（0.002%）。牙齿和下颌的标识符可用于人类识别，牙齿标识符比颌骨标识符更具体。
