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Abstract：
Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide \"drugs\" initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
摘要：
肽是执行生物学功能的蛋白质的片段。它们通过生命的所有域充当信号实体，并干扰蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，在生物过程中是不可或缺的。短肽包括生命交响曲前奏的基本分子信息。由于其独特的功能和在创新生物疗法方面的巨大希望，它们引起了相当大的兴趣。这项工作专注于当前最先进的基于短肽的治疗发展，是来自各大洲的研究人员撰写的第一份全球综述，作为自20世纪20年代开始胰岛素治疗以来100年肽疗法的庆祝。肽“药物”最初仅发挥激素类似物平衡疾病的作用。如今,他们完成了许多生物医学任务，可以穿过膜，或达到细胞内目标。肽在生物过程中的作用很难被其他化学物质模仿。本文分为独立的部分，这与基于短肽的疗法的进展或对生物医学构成挑战的问题有关。特别是,短肽的SWOT分析，它们在不同疾病治疗中的相关性，（生物）合成平台的改进，先进的纳米超分子技术，适体,改变肽配体和计算机方法，以克服肽的局限性，现代智能生物功能材料，疫苗,和药物/基因靶向递送系统进行了讨论。
