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Abstract：
Skeletal muscle injuries have bothered doctors and caused great burdens to the public medical insurance system for a long time. Once injured, skeletal muscles usually go through the processes of inflammation, repairing and remodeling. If repairing and remodeling stages are out of balance, scars will be formed to replace injured skeletal muscles. At present, clinicians usually use conventional methods to restore the injured skeletal muscles, such as flap transplantation. However, flap transplantation sometimes needs to sacrifice healthy autologous tissues and will bring extra harm to patients. In recent years, stem cells-based tissue engineering provides us new treatment ideas for skeletal muscle injuries. Stem cells are cells with multiple differentiation potential and have ability to differentiate into adult cells under special condition. Skeletal muscle tissues also have stem cells, called satellite cells, but they are in small amount and new muscle fibers that derived from them may not be enough to replace injured fibers. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and activate the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Biomaterial is another important factor to promote tissue regeneration and greatly enhance physiological activities of stem cells in vivo. The combined use of stem cells and biomaterials will gradually become a mainstream to restore injured skeletal muscles in the future. This review article mainly focuses on the review of research about the application of BM-MSCs and several major biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration over the past decades.
摘要：
长期以来，骨骼肌损伤一直困扰着医生，并给公共医疗保险制度带来了巨大的负担。一旦受伤,骨骼肌通常经历炎症过程，修复和重塑。如果修复和改造阶段失去平衡，将形成疤痕以取代受伤的骨骼肌。目前,临床医生通常使用常规方法来恢复受损的骨骼肌,如皮瓣移植。然而,皮瓣移植有时需要牺牲健康的自体组织，会给患者带来额外的伤害。近年来,基于干细胞的组织工程为骨骼肌损伤提供了新的治疗思路。干细胞是具有多向分化潜能的细胞,在特殊条件下具有向成体细胞分化的能力。骨骼肌组织也有干细胞，叫做卫星细胞，但是它们数量很少，从它们衍生的新肌肉纤维可能不足以替代受伤的纤维。骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)能促进肌肉骨骼组织再生,激活卫星细胞成肌分化。生物材料是促进组织再生并大大增强体内干细胞生理活性的另一个重要因素。干细胞和生物材料的联合使用将逐渐成为未来恢复受伤骨骼肌的主流。本文主要对近年来BM-MSCs和几种主要生物材料在骨骼肌再生中的应用研究进展进行综述。
