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Abstract：
The purpose of this review was to examine the literature on gaze behavior in referees. A literature search found only 12 relevant studies. Five of those studies were conducted on referees in association football (soccer), three on judges in gymnastics, one on softball umpires, and one each on referees in team handball, rugby, and ice hockey. Seven studies reported differences in gaze behavior between referees of a higher skill level and those of a lower skill level, while four studies found no differences. In addition, five studies reported differences between referees of different skill levels in both gaze behavior and performance, while four studies found differences in performance only. A number of methodological concerns arise from the current review. Among them are the lack of studies conducted in ecologically valid conditions, the lack of studies on peripheral vision, and the lack of data on referees who are working together as teams. Based on this review, we conclude that additional research is needed to clarify the relationships between gaze behavior and performance in refereeing. Practitioners who work with referees should be cautious when adopting gaze training strategies to improve selective attention, since the data on their effectiveness are scarce and sometimes contradictory.
摘要：
这篇综述的目的是研究有关裁判凝视行为的文献。文献检索发现只有12项相关研究。其中五项研究是针对协会足球（足球）的裁判进行的，三个关于体操法官，一个是垒球裁判，手球裁判每人一名，橄榄球,还有冰球.七项研究报告了较高技能水平的裁判和较低技能水平的裁判在凝视行为上的差异，而四项研究没有发现差异。此外,五项研究报告了不同技能水平的裁判在凝视行为和表现方面的差异，而四项研究仅发现性能差异。当前的审查引起了许多方法上的关注。其中包括缺乏在生态有效条件下进行的研究，缺乏对周边视觉的研究，以及缺乏作为团队一起工作的裁判的数据。基于这篇综述,我们得出的结论是，需要更多的研究来澄清凝视行为和裁判表现之间的关系。与裁判一起工作的从业者在采用注视训练策略以提高选择性注意力时应谨慎,因为关于其有效性的数据很少，有时甚至相互矛盾。
