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Abstract：
Staphylococcus genus is a Gram-positive coccus normally associated with skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. It is part of the commensal human microflora, or found in animals, or contaminating surfaces in the community and hospital settings. Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic species belonging to this genus, as it possesses a collection of virulence factors that are expressed solely to evade the immune system. The increase in the misuse of antimicrobial agents predisposed S. aureus to develop antibiotic resistance, including the resistance to methicillin which led to the emergence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA is considered one of the most dangerous nosocomial pathogens causing many hard to treat infections in hospitals and was named as Hospital Associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Over the past 20-25 years, MRSA was isolated from community settings and thus Community Associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has emerged. Inside hospitals, MRSA has been isolated from fomites in contact with patients, as well as staff\'s protective and personal items. This review highlights the worldwide prevalence of MRSA on fomites within the contexts of hospital and community settings.
摘要：
葡萄球菌属是通常与温血动物的皮肤和粘膜相关的革兰氏阳性球菌。它是人类共生微生物的一部分，或者在动物中发现，或污染社区和医院环境中的表面。金黄色葡萄球菌是属于该属的最致病的物种，因为它拥有一系列毒力因子，这些因子的表达完全是为了逃避免疫系统。滥用抗菌药物的增加倾向于金黄色葡萄球菌发展抗生素耐药性，包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的出现。MRSA被认为是最危险的医院病原体之一，在医院中引起许多难以治疗的感染，并被命名为医院相关MRSA（HA-MRSA）。在过去的20-25年里,MRSA从社区环境中分离出来，因此出现了社区相关MRSA（CA-MRSA）。在医院里，MRSA已从与患者接触的粪便中分离出来，以及工作人员的防护和个人物品。这篇综述强调了在医院和社区环境中，MRSA在全球范围内的患病率。
