PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Since the 1 January, 2009, newborn hearing screening (NHS) has been obligatory for every child in Germany. NHS is part of the Pediatrics Directive of the Federal Joint Committee. In this directive, details of the procedures and screening quality to be achieved are given. We evaluate if these quality criteria were met in Bavaria in 2016. The NHS data of children born in 2016 in Bavaria were evaluated for quality criteria, such as screening coverage in screening facilities, screening methods, referral rate (rate of failed tests at discharge) and a child\'s age at the diagnosis of a hearing disorder. NHS was documented for 116,776 children born in Bavaria in 2016. In the first step, 78,904 newborns were screened with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and 37,865 with automated auditory brainstem response. Of these, 9182 (7.8%) failed the first test in one or both ears. A second screening before discharge was performed on 53.3% of the newborns with a refer result in the first test, out of which 58.7% received a pass result. After the screening process, 4.6% of the newborns were discharged with a refer result. Only 18% of the first controls after discharge were performed by a pediatric audiologist. In 37.9% of the newborns, the screening center intervened to assure the control of any failed screening test. The median age of diagnosis for bilateral hearing loss was 5.3 months. In Bavaria, NHS was implemented successfully. A tracking system for all children who failed the hearing screening test is pivotal for early diagnosis and therapy of children with hearing deficiency.
摘要：
自1月1日起,2009年，德国的每个孩子都必须进行新生儿听力筛查（NHS）。NHS是联邦联合委员会儿科指令的一部分。在这个指令中,给出了要实现的程序和筛查质量的详细信息。我们评估2016年巴伐利亚是否符合这些质量标准。对2016年出生在巴伐利亚的儿童的NHS数据进行了质量标准评估，例如筛查设施的筛查覆盖率，筛选方法,转诊率（出院时检查失败率）和儿童在诊断为听力障碍时的年龄。NHS记录了2016年在巴伐利亚出生的116,776名儿童。第一步,对78,904例新生儿进行了瞬时诱发耳声发射筛查，对37,865例进行了自动听觉脑干反应筛查。其中,9182（7.8％）在一只或两只耳朵的第一次测试中失败。出院前对53.3%的新生儿进行了第二次筛查，第一次检测结果为参考结果，其中58.7%获得了通过结果。筛选过程之后,4.6％的新生儿出院，并有参考结果。出院后的第一批对照组中只有18％是由儿科听力学家进行的。在37.9%的新生儿中，筛查中心进行了干预，以确保控制任何失败的筛查测试。双侧听力损失的中位诊断年龄为5.3个月。在巴伐利亚,NHS成功实施。所有未通过听力筛查测试的儿童的跟踪系统对于听力缺陷儿童的早期诊断和治疗至关重要。
