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Abstract：
The traditional view on the cerebellum is that it controls motor behavior. Although recent work has revealed that the cerebellum supports also nonmotor functions such as cognition and affect, only during the last 5 years it has become evident that the cerebellum also plays an important social role. This role is evident in social cognition based on interpreting goal-directed actions through the movements of individuals (social \"mirroring\") which is very close to its original role in motor learning, as well as in social understanding of other individuals\' mental state, such as their intentions, beliefs, past behaviors, future aspirations, and personality traits (social \"mentalizing\"). Most of this mentalizing role is supported by the posterior cerebellum (e.g., Crus I and II). The most dominant hypothesis is that the cerebellum assists in learning and understanding social action sequences, and so facilitates social cognition by supporting optimal predictions about imminent or future social interaction and cooperation. This consensus paper brings together experts from different fields to discuss recent efforts in understanding the role of the cerebellum in social cognition, and the understanding of social behaviors and mental states by others, its effect on clinical impairments such as cerebellar ataxia and autism spectrum disorder, and how the cerebellum can become a potential target for noninvasive brain stimulation as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most recent empirical findings and techniques for understanding and manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans. Cerebellar circuitry appears now as a key structure to elucidate social interactions.
摘要：
小脑的传统观点是它控制运动行为。虽然最近的研究表明，小脑也支持非运动功能，如认知和情感，仅在过去的5年中，小脑显然也起着重要的社会作用。这种作用在社会认知中很明显，它通过个人的运动来解释目标导向的行为（社会“镜像”），这非常接近其在运动学习中的原始作用，以及在社会理解其他个人的心理状态，比如他们的意图，信仰,过去的行为，未来的愿望，和人格特质(社会“心智化”)。大多数这种心理作用都是由后小脑支持的(例如，CrusI和II）。最主要的假设是小脑有助于学习和理解社会行动序列，因此，通过支持对即将或未来的社会互动与合作的最佳预测来促进社会认知。这篇共识论文汇集了来自不同领域的专家，讨论了最近在理解小脑在社会认知中的作用方面的努力，以及他人对社会行为和精神状态的理解，它对小脑共济失调和自闭症谱系障碍等临床障碍的影响，以及小脑如何成为非侵入性脑刺激作为治疗干预的潜在目标。我们报告了有关理解和操纵人类小脑回路的最新经验发现和技术。小脑电路现在似乎是阐明社交互动的关键结构。
