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Abstract：
Firefighters are exposed to a wide range of toxic chemicals due to combustion, with numerous biomonitoring studies completed that have assessed exposure. Many of these studies focus on individual classes of chemicals, with a few considering a broad range of systemic exposures. As yet, no review process has been undertaken to comprehensively examine these studies. The aims of this review are to: (1) ascertain whether biomonitoring studies pertaining to firefighters demonstrate occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and metals; (2) determine and present results of biomonitoring studies; (3) provide any recommendations presented from the literature that may support exposure mitigation; and (4) suggest future study parameters that may assist in providing a greater understanding surrounding the occupational exposure of firefighters. A systematic review was undertaken with regards to firefighters and biomonitoring studies utilising the matrices of blood, urine, semen and breast milk. This yielded 5690 results. Following duplicate removal, inclusion and exclusion criteria screening and full text screening, 34 studies remained for review. Results of over 80% of studies analysed determined firefighters to experience occupational exposure. Results also show firefighters to be exposed to a wide range of toxic chemicals due to fire smoke; potentially exceeding the range of exposure of other occupations. As firefighters may face increased risk of health effects due to the additive, synergistic, and/or antagonistic effects of chemical exposure, all care must be taken to reduce exposure. This may be achieved by considering tactical decisions, increased personal hygiene, and thorough decontamination procedures. Future biomonitoring studies recognising and assessing the range of chemical exposure firefighters face would be beneficial.
摘要：
消防员由于燃烧而暴露于各种有毒化学物质中，完成了许多评估暴露的生物监测研究。这些研究中的许多都集中在个别类别的化学品上，少数人考虑了广泛的系统暴露。到目前为止，没有进行全面审查这些研究的审查过程。本综述的目的是：（1）确定与消防员有关的生物监测研究是否证明职业暴露于挥发性有机化合物，半挥发性有机化合物，和金属；（2）确定并介绍生物监测研究的结果；（3）提供文献中可能支持减轻暴露的任何建议；（4）建议未来的研究参数，这些参数可能有助于更好地了解消防员的职业暴露。对消防员和利用血液基质的生物监测研究进行了系统回顾，尿液,精液和母乳。这产生了5690个结果。重复删除后，纳入和排除标准筛选和全文筛选，34项研究仍有待审查。超过80％的研究结果分析确定消防员经历职业暴露。结果还显示，消防员由于火灾烟雾而暴露于各种有毒化学物质中；可能超过其他职业的暴露范围。由于添加了添加剂，消防员可能面临更大的健康风险，协同，和/或化学暴露的拮抗作用，必须注意减少接触。这可以通过考虑战术决策来实现，增加个人卫生，和彻底的净化程序。识别和评估消防员面部化学暴露范围的未来生物监测研究将是有益的。
