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Abstract：
Neutrophils have a crucial role in defense against microbes. Immune receptors allow neutrophils to sense their environment, with many receptors functioning to recognize signs of infection and to promote antimicrobial effector functions. However, the neutrophil response must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, and regulation is achieved by expression of inhibitory receptors that can raise activation thresholds. The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family contain activating and inhibitory members that can up- or down-regulate immune cell activity. New ligands and functions for LILR continue to emerge. Understanding the role of LILR in neutrophil biology is of general interest as they can activate and suppress antimicrobial responses of neutrophils and because several human pathogens exploit these receptors for immune evasion. This review focuses on the role of LILR in neutrophil biology. We focus on the current knowledge of LILR expression on neutrophils, the known functions of LILR on neutrophils, and how these receptors may contribute to shaping neutrophil responses during infection.
摘要：
中性粒细胞在防御微生物方面具有至关重要的作用。免疫受体允许嗜中性粒细胞感知它们的环境，具有许多受体功能以识别感染迹象并促进抗微生物效应物功能。然而,中性粒细胞反应必须严格调节，以防止过度炎症和组织损伤，和调节是通过表达可以提高激活阈值的抑制性受体来实现的。白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(LILR)家族包含可上调或下调免疫细胞活性的激活和抑制成员。LILR的新配体和功能不断涌现。了解LILR在中性粒细胞生物学中的作用是普遍感兴趣的,因为它们可以激活和抑制中性粒细胞的抗微生物反应,并且因为几种人类病原体利用这些受体进行免疫逃避。本文就LILR在中性粒细胞生物学中的作用作一综述。我们专注于中性粒细胞上LILR表达的当前知识，LILR对中性粒细胞的已知功能，以及这些受体如何在感染过程中有助于塑造中性粒细胞反应。
