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Abstract：
Neosporosis is one of the leading causes of abortion in cattle worldwide, posing a great economic burden on cattle producers. The aim of this study was to determine the national seroprevalence and putative risk factors of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) in dairy cattle in Uruguay. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Herds were stratified by size (1-50, 51-250, and >250 cattle) and up to 60 dairy cows per herd were randomly selected. Four thousand two hundred twenty-three serum samples from 102 dairy herds were analyzed by indirect ELISA test, under the manufacturer\'s recommendations. In addition, the herdsman was surveyed and a population study was carried out. The in degree data, geographical coordinates, and seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea, enzootic bovine leukemia and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis were available for each herd. A sampling design was used to estimate population seroprevalence of N. caninum. In order to determine the factors associated with the disease, herds with an intra-herd seroprevalence over 20% were considered as case herds. Seroprevalence of N. caninum was 22.3% (95% CI: 18.7-25.9 %) and 96.0% (95% CI: 92.1-99.8%) at the animal and herd level, respectively. The number of dogs on the dairy farms were associated with infection levels (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.03). It was concluded that N. caninum is endemic in the country, and is spreading over dairy herds. Although this study showed evidence that the number of dogs were associated with high levels of infection, more studies should be conducted, to better understand the epidemiology of the disease and thus develop efficient control measures.
摘要：
新孢子虫病是全球牛流产的主要原因之一，给养牛者带来巨大的经济负担。这项研究的目的是确定新孢子虫的国家血清阳性率和推定的危险因素（N。caninum)在乌拉圭的奶牛中。进行了横断面研究。按大小(1-50、51-250和>250头牛)对牛群进行分层,并且每个牛群随机选择多达60头奶牛。采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验分析了102个奶牛群的四千二百二十三份血清样本，根据制造商的建议。此外,对牧民进行了调查，并进行了人口研究。学位数据，地理坐标,和牛病毒性腹泻的血清阳性率，每个牛群都可以获得地方性牛白血病和传染性牛鼻支气管炎。使用抽样设计来估计犬N.caninum的种群血清阳性率。为了确定与疾病相关的因素，牛群内血清阳性率超过20％的牛群被视为病例牛群。在动物和畜群水平上，犬N.caninum的血清阳性率为22.3％（95％CI：18.7-25.9％）和96.0％（95％CI：92.1-99.8％），分别。奶牛场的狗的数量与感染水平相关（OR：1.43，95％CI：1.02至2.03）。结论是，N.caninum在该国很流行，并在奶牛群上蔓延。尽管这项研究表明，狗的数量与高水平的感染有关，应该进行更多的研究，更好地了解疾病的流行病学，从而制定有效的控制措施。
