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Abstract：
To explore the role of individual-level and household-level characteristics for practice of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions.
Secondary data analysis (cross-sectional).
West and Central Africa.
Data are from the Demographic and Health Surveys in the time period between 1986 and 2016. The final sample included between 116 325 and 272 238 observations depending on the outcome.
Nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions were identified based on the UNICEF Conceptual Framework for child undernutrition. These were early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, full age-appropriate immunisation, iodised salt usage, vitamin A supplementation, iron supplementation, deworming in children aged 1 to 5, clean cooking fuel, safe drinking water and improved sanitation. Explanatory variables include household, mother and child characteristics. Linear probability models were fitted for each outcome, both unadjusted as well as fully adjusted including primary sampling unit fixed effects.
Prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 54.31% (95% CI: 53.22% to 55.41%), minimum dietary diversity 13.89% (95% CI: 13.19% to 14.59%), full age-appropriate immunisation 13.04% (95% CI: 12.49% to 13.59%), iodised salt usage 49.66% (95% CI: 46.79% to 52.53%), vitamin A supplementation 52.87% (95% CI: 51.41% to 54.33%), iron supplementation 10.73% (95% CI: 10.07% to 11.39%), deworming 31.33% (95% CI: 30.06% to 32.60%), clean cooking fuel usage 3.02% (95% CI: 2.66% to 3.38%), safe drinking water 57.85% (95% CI: 56.10% to 59.59%) and improved sanitation 42.49% (95% CI: 40.77% to 44.21%). There was a positive education and wealth gradient for the practices of all interventions except deworming. Higher birth order was positively associated with the practice of early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, vitamin A supplementation and negatively associated with full immunisation and improved sanitation.
Household, maternal, and child-level characteristics explain practices of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions beyond intervention delivery at the regional level.
Secondary data analysis (cross-sectional).
West and Central Africa.
Data are from the Demographic and Health Surveys in the time period between 1986 and 2016. The final sample included between 116 325 and 272 238 observations depending on the outcome.
Nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions were identified based on the UNICEF Conceptual Framework for child undernutrition. These were early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, full age-appropriate immunisation, iodised salt usage, vitamin A supplementation, iron supplementation, deworming in children aged 1 to 5, clean cooking fuel, safe drinking water and improved sanitation. Explanatory variables include household, mother and child characteristics. Linear probability models were fitted for each outcome, both unadjusted as well as fully adjusted including primary sampling unit fixed effects.
Prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 54.31% (95% CI: 53.22% to 55.41%), minimum dietary diversity 13.89% (95% CI: 13.19% to 14.59%), full age-appropriate immunisation 13.04% (95% CI: 12.49% to 13.59%), iodised salt usage 49.66% (95% CI: 46.79% to 52.53%), vitamin A supplementation 52.87% (95% CI: 51.41% to 54.33%), iron supplementation 10.73% (95% CI: 10.07% to 11.39%), deworming 31.33% (95% CI: 30.06% to 32.60%), clean cooking fuel usage 3.02% (95% CI: 2.66% to 3.38%), safe drinking water 57.85% (95% CI: 56.10% to 59.59%) and improved sanitation 42.49% (95% CI: 40.77% to 44.21%). There was a positive education and wealth gradient for the practices of all interventions except deworming. Higher birth order was positively associated with the practice of early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, vitamin A supplementation and negatively associated with full immunisation and improved sanitation.
Household, maternal, and child-level characteristics explain practices of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions beyond intervention delivery at the regional level.
摘要：
探讨个人水平和家庭水平特征在营养特异性和营养敏感性干预措施实践中的作用。
二次数据分析（横截面）。
西非和中非。
数据来自1986年至2016年期间的人口与健康调查。最终样本包括116325和272238之间的观察结果，具体取决于结果。
根据联合国儿童基金会关于儿童营养不良的概念框架，确定了针对营养和营养敏感的干预措施。这些是早期母乳喂养的开始，最小的饮食多样性，充分的适合年龄的免疫接种，碘盐的使用，补充维生素A,补铁,1至5岁儿童驱虫，清洁烹饪燃料，安全饮用水和改善卫生条件。解释变量包括家庭，母亲和孩子的特点。为每个结果拟合线性概率模型，既有未调整的，也有完全调整的，包括初级采样单位固定效应。
早期母乳喂养的患病率为54.31%（95%CI：53.22%至55.41%），最低膳食多样性13.89%（95%CI：13.19%至14.59%），完全适合年龄的免疫接种13.04%（95%CI：12.49%至13.59%），碘盐使用量49.66%（95%CI：46.79%至52.53%），补充维生素A52.87%（95%CI：51.41%至54.33%），补铁10.73%（95%CI：10.07%至11.39%），驱虫31.33%（95%CI：30.06%至32.60%），清洁烹饪燃料使用量3.02%（95%CI：2.66%至3.38%），安全饮用水57.85%(95%CI:56.10%~59.59%)和改善卫生条件42.49%(95%CI:40.77%~44.21%)。除驱虫外，所有干预措施的实践都有积极的教育和财富梯度。较高的出生顺序与早期母乳喂养的实践呈正相关，最小的饮食多样性，补充维生素A，与完全免疫接种和改善卫生条件呈负相关。
家用,母性,和儿童水平的特征解释了在区域一级提供干预措施以外的营养特定和营养敏感干预措施的做法。
二次数据分析（横截面）。
西非和中非。
数据来自1986年至2016年期间的人口与健康调查。最终样本包括116325和272238之间的观察结果，具体取决于结果。
根据联合国儿童基金会关于儿童营养不良的概念框架，确定了针对营养和营养敏感的干预措施。这些是早期母乳喂养的开始，最小的饮食多样性，充分的适合年龄的免疫接种，碘盐的使用，补充维生素A,补铁,1至5岁儿童驱虫，清洁烹饪燃料，安全饮用水和改善卫生条件。解释变量包括家庭，母亲和孩子的特点。为每个结果拟合线性概率模型，既有未调整的，也有完全调整的，包括初级采样单位固定效应。
早期母乳喂养的患病率为54.31%（95%CI：53.22%至55.41%），最低膳食多样性13.89%（95%CI：13.19%至14.59%），完全适合年龄的免疫接种13.04%（95%CI：12.49%至13.59%），碘盐使用量49.66%（95%CI：46.79%至52.53%），补充维生素A52.87%（95%CI：51.41%至54.33%），补铁10.73%（95%CI：10.07%至11.39%），驱虫31.33%（95%CI：30.06%至32.60%），清洁烹饪燃料使用量3.02%（95%CI：2.66%至3.38%），安全饮用水57.85%(95%CI:56.10%~59.59%)和改善卫生条件42.49%(95%CI:40.77%~44.21%)。除驱虫外，所有干预措施的实践都有积极的教育和财富梯度。较高的出生顺序与早期母乳喂养的实践呈正相关，最小的饮食多样性，补充维生素A，与完全免疫接种和改善卫生条件呈负相关。
家用,母性,和儿童水平的特征解释了在区域一级提供干预措施以外的营养特定和营养敏感干预措施的做法。
