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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To develop technical guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging aimed at characterising renal masses (multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, mpMRI) and at imaging the bladder and upper urinary tract (magnetic resonance urography, MRU).
METHODS: The French Society of Genitourinary Imaging organised a Delphi consensus conference with a two-round Delphi survey followed by a face-to-face meeting. Two separate questionnaires were issued for renal mpMRI and for MRU. Consensus was strictly defined using a priori criteria.
RESULTS: Forty-two expert uroradiologists completed both survey rounds with no attrition between the rounds. Fifty-six of 84 (67%) statements of the mpMRI questionnaire and 44/71 (62%) statements of the MRU questionnaire reached final consensus. For mpMRI, there was consensus that no injection of furosemide was needed and that the imaging protocol should include T2-weighted imaging, dual chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (use of multiple b-values; maximal b-value, 1000 s/mm2) and fat-saturated single-bolus multiphase (unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic) contrast-enhanced imaging; late imaging (more than 10 min after injection) was judged optional. For MRU, the patients should void their bladder before the examination. The protocol must include T2-weighted imaging, anatomical fast T1/T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (use of multiple b-values; maximal b-value, 1000 s/mm2) and fat-saturated single-bolus multiphase (unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic, excretory) contrast-enhanced imaging. An intravenous injection of furosemide is mandatory before the injection of contrast medium. Heavily T2-weighted cholangiopancreatography-like imaging was judged optional.
CONCLUSIONS: This expert-based consensus conference provides recommendations to standardise magnetic resonance imaging of kidneys, ureter and bladder.
CONCLUSIONS: • Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) aims at characterising renal masses; magnetic resonance urography (MRU) aims at imaging the urinary bladder and the collecting systems. • For mpMRI, no injection of furosemide is needed. • For MRU, an intravenous injection of furosemide is mandatory before the injection of contrast medium; heavily T2-weighted cholangiopancreatography-like imaging is optional.
METHODS: The French Society of Genitourinary Imaging organised a Delphi consensus conference with a two-round Delphi survey followed by a face-to-face meeting. Two separate questionnaires were issued for renal mpMRI and for MRU. Consensus was strictly defined using a priori criteria.
RESULTS: Forty-two expert uroradiologists completed both survey rounds with no attrition between the rounds. Fifty-six of 84 (67%) statements of the mpMRI questionnaire and 44/71 (62%) statements of the MRU questionnaire reached final consensus. For mpMRI, there was consensus that no injection of furosemide was needed and that the imaging protocol should include T2-weighted imaging, dual chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (use of multiple b-values; maximal b-value, 1000 s/mm2) and fat-saturated single-bolus multiphase (unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic) contrast-enhanced imaging; late imaging (more than 10 min after injection) was judged optional. For MRU, the patients should void their bladder before the examination. The protocol must include T2-weighted imaging, anatomical fast T1/T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (use of multiple b-values; maximal b-value, 1000 s/mm2) and fat-saturated single-bolus multiphase (unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic, excretory) contrast-enhanced imaging. An intravenous injection of furosemide is mandatory before the injection of contrast medium. Heavily T2-weighted cholangiopancreatography-like imaging was judged optional.
CONCLUSIONS: This expert-based consensus conference provides recommendations to standardise magnetic resonance imaging of kidneys, ureter and bladder.
CONCLUSIONS: • Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) aims at characterising renal masses; magnetic resonance urography (MRU) aims at imaging the urinary bladder and the collecting systems. • For mpMRI, no injection of furosemide is needed. • For MRU, an intravenous injection of furosemide is mandatory before the injection of contrast medium; heavily T2-weighted cholangiopancreatography-like imaging is optional.
摘要：
目的：制定旨在表征肾脏肿块的磁共振成像技术指南（多参数磁共振成像，MPMRI）和膀胱和上尿路成像（磁共振尿路造影，MRU）。
方法：法国泌尿生殖系统成像学会组织了一次德尔菲共识会议，进行了两轮德尔菲调查，然后进行了面对面的会议。针对肾脏mpMRI和MRU发布了两份单独的问卷。共识是使用先验标准严格定义的。
结果：42位专业的太阳放射学家完成了两轮调查，两轮调查之间没有任何损耗。mpMRI问卷的84个陈述中的56个（67％）和MRU问卷的44/71个陈述中的56个（62％）达成了最终共识。对于MPMRI，人们一致认为不需要注射呋塞米，成像方案应包括T2加权成像，双重化学位移成像，弥散加权成像(使用多个b值；最大b值，1000s/mm2)和脂肪饱和单推注多相(未增强，皮质髓质,肾图）对比增强成像；晚期成像（注射后10分钟以上）被认为是可选的。对于MRU，患者应在检查前排空膀胱。协议必须包括T2加权成像,解剖快速T1/T2加权成像，弥散加权成像(使用多个b值；最大b值，1000s/mm2)和脂肪饱和单推注多相(未增强，皮质髓质,肾图,排泄）对比增强成像。在注射造影剂之前，必须静脉注射呋塞米。重度T2加权胰胆管造影术样成像被认为是可选的。
结论：本次以专家为基础的共识会议为规范肾脏磁共振成像提供了建议，输尿管和膀胱。
结论：•多参数磁共振成像（mpMRI）旨在表征肾脏肿块；磁共振尿路造影（MRU）旨在对膀胱和收集系统进行成像。•对于mpMRI，不需要注射呋塞米。•对于MRU,在注射造影剂前必须静脉注射呋塞米;大量T2加权胰胆管造影样成像是可选的.
方法：法国泌尿生殖系统成像学会组织了一次德尔菲共识会议，进行了两轮德尔菲调查，然后进行了面对面的会议。针对肾脏mpMRI和MRU发布了两份单独的问卷。共识是使用先验标准严格定义的。
结果：42位专业的太阳放射学家完成了两轮调查，两轮调查之间没有任何损耗。mpMRI问卷的84个陈述中的56个（67％）和MRU问卷的44/71个陈述中的56个（62％）达成了最终共识。对于MPMRI，人们一致认为不需要注射呋塞米，成像方案应包括T2加权成像，双重化学位移成像，弥散加权成像(使用多个b值；最大b值，1000s/mm2)和脂肪饱和单推注多相(未增强，皮质髓质,肾图）对比增强成像；晚期成像（注射后10分钟以上）被认为是可选的。对于MRU，患者应在检查前排空膀胱。协议必须包括T2加权成像,解剖快速T1/T2加权成像，弥散加权成像(使用多个b值；最大b值，1000s/mm2)和脂肪饱和单推注多相(未增强，皮质髓质,肾图,排泄）对比增强成像。在注射造影剂之前，必须静脉注射呋塞米。重度T2加权胰胆管造影术样成像被认为是可选的。
结论：本次以专家为基础的共识会议为规范肾脏磁共振成像提供了建议，输尿管和膀胱。
结论：•多参数磁共振成像（mpMRI）旨在表征肾脏肿块；磁共振尿路造影（MRU）旨在对膀胱和收集系统进行成像。•对于mpMRI，不需要注射呋塞米。•对于MRU,在注射造影剂前必须静脉注射呋塞米;大量T2加权胰胆管造影样成像是可选的.
