Abstract:
Diet is an important, modifiable lifestyle factor of cardiometabolic disease risk, and an improved diet can delay or even prevent the onset of disease. Recent evidence suggests that individuals could benefit from diets adapted to their genotype and phenotype: that is, personalized nutrition. A novel strategy is to tailor diets for groups of individuals according to their metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes). Randomized controlled trials evaluating metabotype-specific responses and nonresponses are urgently needed to bridge the current gap of knowledge with regard to the efficacy of personalized strategies in nutrition. In this Perspective, we discuss the concept of metabotyping, review the current literature on metabotyping in the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, and suggest potential strategies for metabotype-based nutritional advice for future work. We also discuss potential determinants of metabotypes, including gut microbiota, and highlight the use of metabolomics to define effective markers for cardiometabolic disease-related metabotypes. Moreover, we hypothesize that people at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases have distinct metabotypes and that individuals grouped into specific metabotypes may respond differently to the same diet, which is being tested in a project of the Joint Programming Initiative: A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life.
摘要:
饮食是一个重要的,心血管代谢疾病风险的可改变的生活方式因素,改善饮食可以延缓甚至预防疾病的发生。最近的证据表明,个体可以从适应其基因型和表型的饮食中受益:也就是说,个性化营养。一种新的策略是根据个体的代谢表型(代谢型)为个体群体定制饮食。迫切需要评估代谢型特异性反应和无反应的随机对照试验,以弥合当前有关营养个性化策略有效性的知识差距。从这个角度来看,我们讨论了代谢分型的概念,回顾目前关于心血管代谢疾病预防背景下的代谢分型的文献,并为未来的工作提出基于代谢型的营养建议的潜在策略。我们还讨论了潜在的代谢型决定因素,包括肠道微生物群,并强调使用代谢组学来定义与心脏代谢疾病相关的代谢型的有效标志物。此外,我们假设心脏代谢疾病高危人群具有不同的代谢型,并且分组为特定代谢型的个体可能对相同的饮食有不同的反应。该项目正在联合规划倡议的一个项目中进行测试:健康生活的健康饮食。