We report clinical and radiological outcomes of one patient affected by ARO and treated with HSCT at advance stage of the disease. We describe the anomalies in various tissues, including bone marrow and bones at the moment of the diagnosis and document their gradual disappearance after HSCT until their complete resolution based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) observations. We provided radiological images of the cranial vault bone structure modifications, correlating the radiological appearance of the optical canals and nerves and of the cerebellum with the neurological manifestations of the disease.
Our results demonstrate that MRI is a highly sensitive technique that provides excellent images of bone marrow space before and after HSCT without exposing children to ionizing radiation. MRI also permits us to evaluate post-transplant skeletal remodeling and the deriving changes in the hematopoietic and sensory system.