Mesh : Animals Apoptosis / genetics Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / genetics Extracellular Matrix / genetics Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / genetics Humans Mesoderm / growth & development metabolism Models, Animal Syndactyly / genetics physiopathology Tretinoin / metabolism Wnt Signaling Pathway / genetics

来  源:   DOI:10.1155/2019/9652649   PDF(Sci-hub)   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract:
Embryology of normal web space creation and the genetics of syndactyly in humans and experimental animals are well described in the literature. In this review, the author offers a 3-step pathway of pathogenesis for syndactyly. The first step is initiated either by the overactivation of the WNT canonical pathway or the suppression of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) canonical pathway. This leads to an overexpression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8). The final step is the suppression of retinoic acid in the interdigital mesenchyme leading to suppression of both apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, resulting in syndactyly.
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