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Abstract：
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) belongs to the opioid/orphanin gene family whose peptide precursors include either opioid (YGGF) or the orphanin/nociceptin core sequences (FGGF). In addition to POMC the family includes the proenkephalin (PENK), prodynorphin (PDYN), and nociceptin/proorphanin (PNOC) precursors. The opioid core sequence in POMC is incorporated by the β-endorphin that occupies the C-terminal region but this propeptide also exhibits at least two \"alien\" melanocortin core sequences (HFRW). An ACTH/MSH fragment merged into the opioid fragment not earlier than the two tetraploidizations of the vertebrate genome. Therefore, POMC exhibit a complex \"evolutionary life\" since the gene has coevolved together with two different receptor systems, i.e., opioid and melanocortin following a horse trading system. In this article, we summarize the different evolutionary hypotheses proposed for POMC evolution.
摘要：
Proopiomelanocortin（POMC）属于阿片/孤儿蛋白基因家族，其肽前体包括阿片（YGGF）或孤儿/伤害性受体核心序列（FGGF）。除POMC外，该家族还包括脑啡肽原（PENK），强啡肽（PDYN），和伤害肽/原吗啡素（PNOC）前体。POMC中的阿片核心序列由占据C末端区域的β-内啡肽掺入，但该前肽还表现出至少两个“外来”黑皮质素核心序列（HFRW）。ACTH/MSH片段合并到阿片样物质片段中，不早于脊椎动物基因组的两次四倍体化。因此,POMC表现出复杂的“进化生命”，因为该基因与两个不同的受体系统共同进化，即，阿片类药物和黑皮质素遵循马交易系统。在这篇文章中,我们总结了为POMC进化提出的不同进化假设。
