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Abstract：
Natural killer (NK) cells are the major innate effectors primed to eliminate virus-infected and tumor or neoplastic cells. Recent studies also suggest nuances in phenotypic and functional characteristics among NK cell subsets may further permit execution of regulatory and adaptive roles. Animal models, particularly non-human primate (NHP) models, are critical for characterizing NK cell biology in disease and under homeostatic conditions. In HIV infection, NK cells mediate multiple antiviral functions via upregulation of activating receptors, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity through antibody Fc-FcR interaction and others. However, HIV infection can also reciprocally modulate NK cells directly or indirectly, leading to impaired/ineffective NK cell responses. In this review, we will describe multiple aspects of NK cell biology in HIV/SIV infections and their association with viral control and disease progression, and how NHP models were critical in detailing each finding. Further, we will discuss the effect of NK cell depletion in SIV-infected NHP and the characteristics of newly described memory NK cells in NHP models and different mouse strains. Overall, we propose that the role of NK cells in controlling viral infections remains incompletely understood and that NHP models are indispensable in order to efficiently address these deficits.
摘要：
自然杀伤（NK）细胞是主要的先天效应，以消除病毒感染和肿瘤或肿瘤细胞。最近的研究还表明，NK细胞亚群中表型和功能特征的细微差别可能进一步允许执行调节和适应性角色。动物模型,特别是非人灵长类动物(NHP)模型，对于表征疾病和稳态条件下的NK细胞生物学至关重要。在艾滋病毒感染中，NK细胞通过激活受体的上调介导多种抗病毒功能，炎性细胞因子分泌，和通过抗体Fc-FcR相互作用等的抗体依赖性细胞毒性。然而,HIV感染也可以直接或间接地相互调节NK细胞。导致受损/无效的NK细胞反应。在这次审查中,我们将描述HIV/SIV感染中NK细胞生物学的多个方面及其与病毒控制和疾病进展的关系，以及NHP模型在详细说明每个发现时如何至关重要。Further,我们将讨论NK细胞耗竭对SIV感染的NHP的影响，以及新描述的记忆NK细胞在NHP模型和不同小鼠品系中的特征。总的来说,我们认为NK细胞在控制病毒感染中的作用仍未被完全理解,并且NHP模型对于有效解决这些缺陷是不可或缺的.
