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Abstract：
Cells are social, and self-recognition is a conserved aspect of group behavior where cells assist kin and antagonize non-kin. However, the role of phage in self-recognition is unexplored. Here we find that a demarcation line is formed between different swimming Escherichia coli strains but not between identical clones; hence, motile cells discriminate between self and non-self. The basis for this self-recognition is a 49 kb, T1-type, lytic phage of the family Siphoviridae (named here SW1) that controls formation of the demarcation line by utilizing one of the host\'s cryptic prophage proteins, YfdM of CPS-53, to propagate. Critically, SW1 provides a conditional benefit to E. coli K-12 compared with the identical strain that lacks the phage. A demarcation line is also formed when strains harbor either the lysogenic phage ϕ80 or lambda and encounter siblings that lack the lysogen. In summary, bacteria can use phage to distinguish siblings that lack phage.
摘要：
细胞是社会性的,自我识别是群体行为的一个保守方面，其中细胞辅助亲属和拮抗非亲属。然而,噬菌体在自我识别中的作用尚未被探索。在这里，我们发现分界线是在不同的游动大肠杆菌菌株之间形成的，而不是在相同的克隆之间形成的；因此，活动细胞区分自我和非自我。这种自我识别的基础是49kb，T1型，Siphoviridae家族的裂解噬菌体（在这里命名为SW1），它通过利用宿主的一种隐蔽的原蛋白来控制分界线的形成，CPS-53的YfdM，以传播。严重的,与缺乏噬菌体的相同菌株相比,SW1为大肠杆菌K-12提供条件益处。当菌株携带溶源性噬菌体φ80或λ并遇到缺乏溶菌原的兄弟姐妹时，也会形成分界线。总之,细菌可以使用噬菌体来区分缺乏噬菌体的兄弟姐妹。
