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Abstract：
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the mesopontine tegmentum and is best delimited by a group of large cholinergic neurons adjacent to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. This part of the brain, populated by many other neuronal groups, is a crossroads for many important functions. Good evidence relates the PPN to control of reflex reactions, sleep-wake cycles, posture and gait. However, the precise role of the PPN in all these functions has been controversial and there still are uncertainties in the functional anatomy and physiology of the nucleus. It is difficult to grasp the extent of the influence of the PPN, not only because of its varied functions and projections, but also because of the controversies arising from them. One controversy is its relationship to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). In this regard, the PPN has become a new target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of parkinsonian gait disorders, including freezing of gait. This review is intended to indicate what is currently known, shed some light on the controversies that have arisen, and to provide a framework for future research.
摘要：
花梗桥脑核（PPN）位于中桥脑被膜中，最好由一组大的胆碱能神经元界定，这些神经元与小脑上花梗的decussion相邻。大脑的这一部分，由许多其他神经元群组成，是许多重要功能的十字路口。良好的证据将PPN与反射反应的控制联系起来，睡眠-觉醒周期,姿势和步态。然而,PPN在所有这些功能中的确切作用一直存在争议，并且在核的功能解剖和生理学方面仍然存在不确定性。很难掌握PPN的影响程度，不仅因为它的不同功能和预测，也是因为它们引起的争议。一个争议是它与中脑运动区（MLR）的关系。在这方面,PPN已成为脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗帕金森病步态障碍的新靶点,包括冻结步态.这篇评论旨在说明目前已知的情况，揭示了已经出现的争议，并为未来的研究提供框架。
