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Abstract：
The European Union (EU) has recommended the monitoring of specific priority substances (PSs, Directive 2013/39) and some contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, Decision 2015/495) in surface waterbodies. The present study provides spatial distributions and temporal variations of a wide range of multi-class PSs and CECs in four stressed rivers in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima). Thirteen micropollutants were found in all four rivers, including the priority pesticide isoproturon (up to 92 ng L-1), various pharmaceuticals (up to 396 ng L-1), and the UV-filter 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC, up to 562 ng L-1) identified in Decision 2015/495. The industrial priority compound perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was found in three rivers (Antuã, Cértima, and Leça) below the method quantification limit, together with four pharmaceuticals not included in these EU guidelines. The already banned priority pesticide atrazine was detected in Ave, Antuã, and Leça (up to 41 ng L-1) and simazine in Cértima and Leça (up to 26 ng L-1). Acetamiprid and imidacloprid (included in Decision 2015/495) were only detected during the dry season in the Ave. Leça river was selected as a waterbody case study for assessment of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). These results matched the spatial distribution trend of micropollutants along the river, with stronger fluorescence response and higher concentrations being found downstream of industrial areas and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the fluorescence signature of surface water collected downstream of an urban WWTP aligned very well with that obtained for the respective WWTP effluent. Thus, actions are needed to preserve a good environmental status of these stressed European waterbodies.
摘要：
欧洲联盟(欧盟)建议监测特定的优先物质(PS、指令2013/39)和一些新兴关注的污染物(CECs，第2015/495号决定)。本研究提供了葡萄牙四条受压河流中各种多级PSs和CEC的空间分布和时间变化（Ave，莱萨,Antuã,和Cértima）。在所有四条河流中发现了13种微污染物，包括优先农药异丙隆(高达92ngL-1)，各种药物（高达396ngL-1），和紫外线过滤器2-乙基-己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯（EHMC，高达562ngL-1)在第2015/495号决定中确定。在三条河流中发现了工业优先化合物全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS，塞蒂玛,和Leça)低于方法量化极限，以及这些欧盟指南中未包含的四种药物。已经被禁止的优先杀虫剂阿特拉津在Ave被检测到，Antuã,Cértima和Leça（最高41ngL-1）和simazine（最高26ngL-1）。啶虫脒和吡虫啉（包括在第2015/495号决定中）仅在Ave的旱季检测到。选择莱萨河作为水体案例研究，以评估荧光激发发射矩阵（EEM）。这些结果与沿河微污染物的空间分布趋势相匹配，在工业区和城市污水处理厂（WWTP）下游发现更强的荧光响应和更高的浓度。此外，城市污水处理厂下游收集的地表水的荧光特征与相应污水处理厂废水的荧光特征非常吻合。因此，需要采取行动来维护这些紧张的欧洲水体的良好环境状况。
