METHODS: Here, we present 2 case reports of tooth #29 and #9 treated with REPs and demonstrate their clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes.
RESULTS: Clinical outcomes revealed healing of apical periodontitis in both teeth and re-establishment of vitality responses in tooth #29. Moreover, radiographic assessments using 2D and 3D-volumetric analyses demonstrate considerable increase in root development for both teeth. Further, histological outcomes evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemical staining demonstrates presence of vascular and lymphatic structures as well as immune cell markers indicative of regeneration of an immunocompetent pulp. Lastly, examination of hard tissue deposition shows dentin-like tissue in parts of tooth #29 demonstrating for the first time, regeneration of a pulp-dentin complex post-REP.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this is the first study demonstrating recapitulation of several tissues commonly found as part of a pulp-dentin complex in teeth treated with REPs.