PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Longevity in medicine can be defined as a long life without mental or physical deficits. This can be prevented by Alzheimer\'s disease (AD). Current conventional AD treatments only alleviate the symptoms without reversing AD progression. Recent studies demonstrated that Panax ginseng extract improves AD symptoms in patients with AD, and the two main components of ginseng might contribute to AD amelioration. Ginsenosides show various AD-related neuroprotective effects. Gintonin is a newly identified ginseng constituent that contains lysophosphatidic acids and attenuates AD-related brain neuropathies. Ginsenosides decrease amyloid β-protein (Aβ) formation by inhibiting β- and γ-secretase activity or by activating the nonamyloidogenic pathway, inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and decrease Aβ-induced production of reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammatory reactions. Oral administration of ginsenosides increases the expression levels of enzymes involved in acetylcholine synthesis in the brain and alleviates Aβ-induced cholinergic deficits in AD models. Similarly, gintonin inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and activates the nonamyloidogenic pathway to reduce Aβ formation and to increase acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase expression in the brain through lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Oral administration of gintonin attenuates brain amyloid plaque deposits, boosting hippocampal cholinergic systems and neurogenesis, thereby ameliorating learning and memory impairments. It also improves cognitive functions in patients with AD. Ginsenosides and gintonin attenuate AD-related neuropathology through multiple routes. This review focuses research demonstrating that ginseng constituents could be a candidate as an adjuvant for AD treatment. However, clinical investigations including efficacy and tolerability analyses may be necessary for the clinical acceptance of ginseng components in combination with conventional AD drugs.
摘要：
医学上的长寿可以定义为没有精神或身体缺陷的长寿。这可以通过阿尔茨海默病(AD)来预防。目前的常规AD治疗仅缓解症状而不逆转AD进展。最近的研究表明，人参提取物可以改善AD患者的症状，人参的两种主要成分可能有助于改善AD。人参皂苷显示各种AD相关的神经保护作用。Gintonin是一种新发现的人参成分，含有溶血磷脂酸并减轻AD相关的脑神经病变。人参皂苷通过抑制β-和γ-分泌酶活性或通过激活非淀粉样蛋白途径来减少淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ）的形成。抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和Aβ诱导的神经毒性，并减少Aβ诱导的活性氧和神经炎性反应的产生。口服人参皂苷可增加大脑中与乙酰胆碱合成有关的酶的表达水平，并减轻AD模型中Aβ诱导的胆碱能缺陷。同样，Gintonin抑制Aβ诱导的神经毒性并激活非淀粉样蛋白生成途径，以减少Aβ的形成并通过溶血磷脂酸受体增加脑中乙酰胆碱和胆碱乙酰转移酶的表达。口服Gintonin可减弱脑淀粉样斑块沉积，促进海马胆碱能系统和神经发生，从而改善学习和记忆障碍。它还可以改善AD患者的认知功能。人参皂苷和人参皂苷通过多种途径减轻AD相关的神经病理学。这篇综述的重点研究表明人参成分可以作为AD治疗的佐剂。然而,对于临床接受人参成分与常规AD药物的联合使用,可能需要进行包括疗效和耐受性分析的临床研究.
