PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
Waterpipe (Wp) use is associated with most devastating diseases and particularly popular among adolescents. Vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) is essential for generating new vessels. The effect of smoking tobacco on VEGF is controversial and unknown among adolescents. Therefore, the current study compared serum VEGF in adolescents smoking cigarettes (Cg) only (9.3%), Wp only (19.6%), and dual (Wp and Cg) (36.4%) versus nonsmokers (34.6%) in adolescents. A self-reported questionnaire and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to obtain smoking status and serum VEGF, respectively, in 475 (age: 14.6 ± 1.0 years) boys (n = 263) and girls (n = 212) from Irbid, Jordan. The analysis showed that smoking status (R² = 0.021; p = 0.001) and gender (R² = 0.035; p = 0.000) can predict VEGF. Furthermore, 2-way-ANCOVA revealed that VEGF was lower in the dual cohort versus the Cg (33.4%; p = 0.04) and nonsmoker (29.6%; p = 0.003) cohorts; VEGF in smokers, was lower (33.6%; p = 0.04) in the Wp versus nonsmokers in the boys but not the girls. These results are unique and suggest that smoking lowers VEGF, which might adversely affect vascular growth and function. This is alarming given that adolescents are still in the development stage and smoking, particularly Wp, is popular among them. Therefore, interventions targeting smoking among schoolchildren are urgently needed to avoid the negative effects of smoking, especially on vascular health.
摘要：
水管（Wp）的使用与大多数破坏性疾病有关，尤其在青少年中流行。血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）对于生成新血管至关重要。吸烟对VEGF的影响在青少年中存在争议和未知。因此,目前的研究比较了青少年吸烟的血清VEGF（Cg）（9.3%），仅Wp（19.6%），青少年中双重（Wp和Cg）（36.4％）与非吸烟者（34.6％）。采用自报问卷和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),获取吸烟状况和血清VEGF,分别,在来自Irbid的475名（年龄：14.6±1.0岁）男孩（n=263）和女孩（n=212）中，乔丹。结果显示，吸烟状况（R²=0.021；p=0.001）和性别（R²=0.035；p=0.000）可以预测VEGF。此外，双向ANCOVA显示，与Cg（33.4％；p=0.04）和非吸烟者（29.6％；p=0.003）相比，双重队列中的VEGF较低；吸烟者中的VEGF，与不吸烟者相比，男孩而女孩的Wp较低（33.6％；p=0.04）。这些结果是独特的，表明吸烟会降低VEGF，这可能会对血管生长和功能产生不利影响。这令人担忧，因为青少年仍处于发育阶段，吸烟，尤其是WP,在他们当中很受欢迎。因此,迫切需要针对学童吸烟的干预措施，以避免吸烟的负面影响，尤其是血管健康。
