Abstract：
During the last several decades, persistent organic pollutants and metals cause great concern for their toxicity in organisms as well as for their bioaccumulation and/or trophic transfer through the food chains in ecosystems. A large number of studies therefore have focused on the trophic levels of organisms to illustrate food web structure, as a critical component in the study of pollutant dynamics and biomagnification. The trends in biomagnification of pollutants in food webs indeed provide fundamental information about the properties and fates of pollutants in ecosystems. The trophic magnification supports the establishment of a reliable trophic structure, which can further aid the understanding of the transport and exposure routes of contaminants in accumulation and risk assessments. Recently, efforts to interpret the food web structure using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios have contributed to better understanding of the fate of pollutants in the ecosystem. However, it is known that this isotope analysis of bulk ones has many weaknesses, particularly for uncertainties on the estimate of trophic levels and therefore of magnification factors for studied organisms, enough to support a regulatory interpretation. In this review, we collate studies that investigated biomagnification characteristics of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, along with calculated trophic magnification factors. Moreover, we introduce a novel approach, compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids, to establish reliable food web structures and accurate trophic levels for biomagnification studies. This method promises to provide sound results for interpreting the influence of the pollutant in organisms, along with their bioaccumulation and magnification characteristics, as well as that in ecosystem.
摘要：
在过去的几十年里，持久性有机污染物和金属对生物体的毒性以及通过生态系统食物链的生物累积和/或营养转移引起极大关注。因此，大量研究集中在生物体的营养水平上，以说明食物网结构，作为污染物动力学和生物放大研究的关键组成部分。食物网中污染物的生物放大趋势确实为生态系统中污染物的性质和命运提供了基本信息。营养放大支持建立可靠的营养结构，这可以进一步帮助在积累和风险评估中了解污染物的运输和暴露路线。最近,使用碳和氮稳定同位素比率解释食物网结构的努力有助于更好地了解生态系统中污染物的命运。然而,众所周知，这种散装同位素分析有许多弱点，特别是对于营养水平的估计以及所研究生物体的放大因子的不确定性，足以支持监管解释。在这次审查中,我们整理了调查水生生态系统中污染物生物放大特征的研究，以及计算的营养放大倍数。此外，我们引入了一种新颖的方法，氨基酸中氮的化合物特异性稳定同位素分析，为生物放大研究建立可靠的食物网结构和准确的营养水平。该方法有望为解释污染物在生物体中的影响提供可靠的结果，以及它们的生物积累和放大特性，在生态系统中也是如此。
