Abstract：
Although Salmonella spp. infection has been identified in captive and free-ranging rhinoceros, clinical cases in black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis ) calves have not been described. This case series describes clinical salmonellosis in four black rhinoceros calves. Two calves developed self-limiting diarrhea, recovering after treatment. The other two cases were fatal. One of the fatal cases had a short clinical course, whereas the other case was protracted, with signs reflecting multiple organ system involvement. In all cases, diagnosis was by fecal culture and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A variable clinical presentation, which is typical for salmonellosis in domestic hoofstock, was a feature of these rhinoceros cases. Similarly, postmortem pathology in black rhinoceros calves was consistent with domestic neonatal ungulates with salmonellosis. Potential predisposing factors for infection were considered to be primiparity of the dam and failure of passive transfer in the calf. The case investigation included attempts to identify the source of infection, which was aided by organism serotyping. In one case, the patient\'s dam and another conspecific in the facility were shown to be asymptomatic shedders of the organism strain responsible for disease in the calf. Further surveillance of captive rhinoceros Salmonella spp. carrier status is needed to inform screening recommendations for this taxa.
摘要：
虽然沙门氏菌属。已经在圈养和自由放养的犀牛中发现了感染，尚未描述黑犀牛（Dicerosbicornis）小牛的临床病例。本病例系列描述了四只黑犀牛的临床沙门氏菌病。两只小牛出现了自限性腹泻,治疗后恢复。另外两例是致命的。其中一例死亡病例的临床病程较短,而另一个案件是旷日持久的，有反映多器官系统受累的迹象。在所有情况下,通过粪便培养和/或定量聚合酶链反应进行诊断.可变的临床表现，这是典型的国内蹄类沙门氏菌病，是这些犀牛病例的一个特征。同样，黑犀牛的死后病理与国内新生儿有蹄类动物合并沙门氏菌病一致。感染的潜在诱发因素被认为是大坝的初生和小腿被动转移的失败。案件调查包括试图确定感染源，这是由生物体血清分型辅助的。在一个案例中,患者的水坝和设施中的另一个同种动物被证明是造成小牛疾病的生物菌株的无症状脱落者。进一步监测圈养犀牛沙门氏菌。需要承运人身份来告知该分类单元的筛查建议。
