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Abstract：
Human gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of metabolic diseases and disorders. However, the critical factors leading to dysbiosis are poorly understood. In this study, we provide increasing evidence of the association of diet type and body mass index (BMI) and how they relatively influence the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota with respect to the causation of gut microbiome dysbiosis. The study included randomly selected Alabama residents (n = 81), including females (n = 45) and males (n = 36). The demographics data included age (33 ± 13.3 years), height (1.7 ± 0.11 meters), and weight (82.3 ± 20.6 kg). The mean BMI was 28.3 ± 7.01, equating to an overweight BMI category. A cross-sectional case-control design encompassing the newly recognized effect size approach to bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze data from donated stool samples and accompanying nutrition surveys. We investigated the microbiome variations in the Bacteroidetes-Firmicutes ratio relative to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups at stratified abundance percentages of <20%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and ≥70%. We further investigated variation in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla composition (at the genus and species level) in relation to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups (Westernized or healthy). The Pearson Correlation coefficient as an indication of effect size across Alpha diversity indices was used to test the hypothesis (H0 ): increased BMI has greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type, (Ha ): increased BMI does not have a greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type. In conclusion, we rejected the (H0 ) as our results demonstrated that Westernized diet type had an effect size of 0.22 posing a greater impact upon the gut microbiota diversity than an increased BMI with an effect size of 0.16. This implied Westernized diet as a critical factor in causing dysbiosis as compared to an overweight or obese body mass index.
摘要：
人类肠道微生物群系失调与代谢性疾病和紊乱的发生有关。然而,导致菌群失调的关键因素知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们提供了越来越多的证据,证明饮食类型和体重指数(BMI)之间存在关联,以及它们如何相对影响肠道微生物群的分类结构,从而导致肠道微生物群失调.该研究包括随机选择的阿拉巴马州居民（n=81），包括女性（n=45）和男性（n=36）。人口统计数据包括年龄(33±13.3岁)，高度（1.7±0.11米），重量（82.3±20.6kg）。平均BMI为28.3±7.01，相当于超重BMI类别。横截面病例对照设计包括新认识的生物信息学分析的效应大小方法，用于分析捐赠的粪便样本和伴随的营养调查的数据。我们调查了Bacteroides-Firmicutes比率相对于BMI的微生物组变化，食物类别,和饮食组的分层丰度百分比<20%，20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,且≥70%。我们进一步研究了Firmicutes和拟杆菌门组成（在属和种水平）与BMI的关系，食物类别,和饮食组（西方化或健康）。Pearson相关系数作为Alpha多样性指数影响大小的指标用于检验假设（H0）：增加的BMI对分类多样性的影响大于西化饮食类型，（Ha）：增加的BMI对分类多样性的影响并不比西化饮食类型更大。总之,我们拒绝了(H0),因为我们的结果表明,西化饮食类型的效应大小为0.22,对肠道微生物群多样性的影响大于BMI增加的效应大小为0.16.与超重或肥胖的体重指数相比，这暗示西化饮食是导致菌群失调的关键因素。
