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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Many surveys have shown that older children are ubiquitously exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), and many laboratory studies have shown that BPA exposure has adverse effects related to estrogenic disruption, whereas the evidence in infants has not yet been observed.
METHODS: Women in early pregnancy were recruited by the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Daishan, China, from March 2012 to December 2014. After delivery, urine samples were collected from the diapers of 59 infants (0 to 6months of age). Urinary BPA, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and creatinine were analyzed. The partial correlation and multivariable linear regression were applied to assess the associations of BPA with E2, T, FSH, and LH for each of the development stages: at birth, 14days, 28days, 42days, 3months, and 6months.
RESULTS: For both genders from birth to 6months, infants showed randomly changed urinary BPA but regularly changed hormones, i.e., the monotonic decreasing E2 and T, the \"U\" shaping E2/T and upside down \"U\" shaping FSH and LH with extreme values at approximately the 14-day stage, respectively. However, the creatinine-adjusted FSH for all stages and E2 from 6months were genders different. After adjustment for creatinine, gender, and infant body mass index, BPA was positively associated with E2 both in male (for 14-, 28-, and 42-day stages) and female (for 14-, 28-, 42-day, and 3-month stages) infants; positively associated with E2/T ratio in both male (for 14- and 28-day stages) and female (for 14-day stage) infants; and positively associated with T in female (for 3-month stage) infants.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that associations of BPA with E2, E2/T, and T in infant urine were observed. The results suggested that the infants first demonstrate a surge of steroids after leaving the maternal uterus\'s steroidogenic environment (i.e., mini-puberty) and may be affected by BPA; this pollution may disrupt the premature gonad function at some important developmental windows.
METHODS: Women in early pregnancy were recruited by the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Daishan, China, from March 2012 to December 2014. After delivery, urine samples were collected from the diapers of 59 infants (0 to 6months of age). Urinary BPA, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and creatinine were analyzed. The partial correlation and multivariable linear regression were applied to assess the associations of BPA with E2, T, FSH, and LH for each of the development stages: at birth, 14days, 28days, 42days, 3months, and 6months.
RESULTS: For both genders from birth to 6months, infants showed randomly changed urinary BPA but regularly changed hormones, i.e., the monotonic decreasing E2 and T, the \"U\" shaping E2/T and upside down \"U\" shaping FSH and LH with extreme values at approximately the 14-day stage, respectively. However, the creatinine-adjusted FSH for all stages and E2 from 6months were genders different. After adjustment for creatinine, gender, and infant body mass index, BPA was positively associated with E2 both in male (for 14-, 28-, and 42-day stages) and female (for 14-, 28-, 42-day, and 3-month stages) infants; positively associated with E2/T ratio in both male (for 14- and 28-day stages) and female (for 14-day stage) infants; and positively associated with T in female (for 3-month stage) infants.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that associations of BPA with E2, E2/T, and T in infant urine were observed. The results suggested that the infants first demonstrate a surge of steroids after leaving the maternal uterus\'s steroidogenic environment (i.e., mini-puberty) and may be affected by BPA; this pollution may disrupt the premature gonad function at some important developmental windows.
摘要：
背景：许多调查表明，年龄较大的儿童普遍接触双酚A（BPA），许多实验室研究表明，双酚A暴露具有与雌激素破坏有关的不利影响，而婴儿的证据尚未观察到。
方法：妇幼保健和计划生育服务中心招募孕早期妇女，黛山,中国,从2012年3月到2014年12月。交货后,从59名婴儿（0至6个月大）的尿布中收集了尿液样本。尿BPA,雌二醇（E2），睾酮（T），卵泡刺激素（FSH），黄体生成素(LH),和肌酐进行分析。应用偏相关和多元线性回归评估双酚A与E2、T、FSH,每个发育阶段的LH：出生时，14天,28天,42天,3个月,和6个月。
结果：对于从出生到6个月的两种性别，婴儿表现出随机改变的尿BPA，但有规律地改变激素，即，E2和T单调递减，在大约14天的阶段，塑造E2/T的“U”和颠倒的“U”塑造FSH和LH的极端值，分别。然而,所有阶段的肌酐校正FSH和6个月的E2均存在性别差异.调整肌酐后，性别,和婴儿体重指数，在男性中，BPA与E2均呈正相关（对于14-，28-,和42天的阶段)和女性(对于14-，28-,42天,和3个月阶段）婴儿；男性（14天和28天阶段）和女性（14天阶段）婴儿的E2/T比值呈正相关；女性（3个月阶段）婴儿的T呈正相关。
结论：据我们所知，这是BPA与E2，E2/T的关联，观察婴儿尿液中的T。结果表明，婴儿在离开母体子宫的类固醇生成环境后首先表现出类固醇的激增(即，迷你青春期），可能会受到BPA的影响；这种污染可能会在一些重要的发育窗口破坏性腺的早熟功能。
方法：妇幼保健和计划生育服务中心招募孕早期妇女，黛山,中国,从2012年3月到2014年12月。交货后,从59名婴儿（0至6个月大）的尿布中收集了尿液样本。尿BPA,雌二醇（E2），睾酮（T），卵泡刺激素（FSH），黄体生成素(LH),和肌酐进行分析。应用偏相关和多元线性回归评估双酚A与E2、T、FSH,每个发育阶段的LH：出生时，14天,28天,42天,3个月,和6个月。
结果：对于从出生到6个月的两种性别，婴儿表现出随机改变的尿BPA，但有规律地改变激素，即，E2和T单调递减，在大约14天的阶段，塑造E2/T的“U”和颠倒的“U”塑造FSH和LH的极端值，分别。然而,所有阶段的肌酐校正FSH和6个月的E2均存在性别差异.调整肌酐后，性别,和婴儿体重指数，在男性中，BPA与E2均呈正相关（对于14-，28-,和42天的阶段)和女性(对于14-，28-,42天,和3个月阶段）婴儿；男性（14天和28天阶段）和女性（14天阶段）婴儿的E2/T比值呈正相关；女性（3个月阶段）婴儿的T呈正相关。
结论：据我们所知，这是BPA与E2，E2/T的关联，观察婴儿尿液中的T。结果表明，婴儿在离开母体子宫的类固醇生成环境后首先表现出类固醇的激增(即，迷你青春期），可能会受到BPA的影响；这种污染可能会在一些重要的发育窗口破坏性腺的早熟功能。
