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Abstract：
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV, Rhabdoviridae), is the causative agent of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), a disease notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health, and various countries and trading areas (including the European Union). IHNV is an economically important pathogen causing clinical disease and mortalities in a wide variety of salmonid species, including the main salmonid species produced in aquaculture, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We reviewed the scientific literature on IHNV on a range of topics, including geographic distribution; host range; conditions required for infection and clinical disease; minimum infectious dose; subclinical infection; shedding of virus by infected fish; transmission via eggs; diagnostic tests; pathogen load and survival of IHNV in host tissues. This information is required for a range of purposes including import risk assessments; parameterisation of disease models; for surveillance planning; and evaluation of the chances of eradication of the pathogen to name just a few. The review focuses on issues that are of relevance for the European context, but many of the data summarised have relevance to IHN globally. Examples for application of the information is presented and data gaps highlighted.
摘要：
传染性造血系统坏死病毒（IHNV，弹状病毒科)，是传染性造血系统坏死（IHN）的病原体，一种应向世界动物卫生组织报告的疾病，以及各个国家和贸易区（包括欧盟）。IHNV是一种重要的经济病原体，可在多种鲑鱼物种中引起临床疾病和死亡率，包括水产养殖中生产的主要鲑鱼物种，大西洋鲑鱼（Salmosalar）和虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchusmykiss）。我们回顾了有关IHNV的一系列主题的科学文献，包括地理分布;宿主范围;感染和临床疾病所需的条件;最小感染剂量;亚临床感染;感染鱼的病毒脱落;通过卵传播;诊断测试;病原体负荷和宿主组织中IHNV的存活。这些信息需要用于一系列目的，包括进口风险评估；疾病模型的参数化；用于监测计划；以及评估根除病原体的机会，仅举几例。审查的重点是与欧洲背景相关的问题，但是汇总的许多数据与全球IHN相关。提供了应用信息的示例，并强调了数据差距。
