Abstract：
This paper reviews the latest evidence provided by epidemiological studies and quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRAs) of infection risk from recreational water use. Studies for review were selected following a PubMed search for articles published between January 2010 and April 2014. Epidemiological studies show a generally elevated risk of gastrointestinal illness in bathers compared to non-bathers but often no clear association with water quality as measured by faecal indicator bacteria; this is especially true where study sites are impacted by non-point source pollution. Evidence from QMRAs support the lack of a consistent water quality association for non-point source-impacted beaches. It is suggested that source attribution, through quantified microbial source apportionment, linked with appropriate use of microbial source tracking methods should be employed as an integral part of future epidemiological surveys.
摘要：
本文回顾了流行病学研究和娱乐用水感染风险的定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）提供的最新证据。在PubMed搜索2010年1月至2014年4月发表的文章后，选择了审查研究。流行病学研究表明，与非沐浴者相比，沐浴者患胃肠道疾病的风险普遍升高，但通常与粪便指示细菌所测量的水质没有明显的联系；在研究地点受到非点源污染影响的情况下，尤其如此。QMRA的证据支持非点源影响海滩缺乏一致的水质关联。建议来源归属，通过定量的微生物源分配，与适当使用微生物源跟踪方法相关的方法应用作未来流行病学调查的组成部分。
