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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate validity evidence using idle time as a performance measure in open surgical skills assessment.
METHODS: This pilot study tested psychomotor planning skills of surgical attendings (n = 6), residents (n = 4) and medical students (n = 5) during suturing tasks of varying difficulty. Performance data were collected with a motion tracking system. Participants\' hand movements were analyzed for idle time, total operative time, and path length. We hypothesized that there will be shorter idle times for more experienced individuals and on the easier tasks.
RESULTS: A total of 365 idle periods were identified across all participants. Attendings had fewer idle periods during 3 specific procedure steps (P < .001). All participants had longer idle time on friable tissue (P < .005).
CONCLUSIONS: Using an experimental model, idle time was found to correlate with experience and motor planning when operating on increasingly difficult tissue types. Further work exploring idle time as a valid psychomotor measure is warranted.
METHODS: This pilot study tested psychomotor planning skills of surgical attendings (n = 6), residents (n = 4) and medical students (n = 5) during suturing tasks of varying difficulty. Performance data were collected with a motion tracking system. Participants\' hand movements were analyzed for idle time, total operative time, and path length. We hypothesized that there will be shorter idle times for more experienced individuals and on the easier tasks.
RESULTS: A total of 365 idle periods were identified across all participants. Attendings had fewer idle periods during 3 specific procedure steps (P < .001). All participants had longer idle time on friable tissue (P < .005).
CONCLUSIONS: Using an experimental model, idle time was found to correlate with experience and motor planning when operating on increasingly difficult tissue types. Further work exploring idle time as a valid psychomotor measure is warranted.
摘要：
背景：这项研究的目的是使用空闲时间作为开放式手术技能评估中的绩效指标来评估有效性证据。
方法：这项初步研究测试了外科手术的精神运动计划技巧（n=6），居民（n=4）和医学生（n=5）在不同难度的缝合任务。使用运动跟踪系统收集性能数据。分析参与者的手部运动的空闲时间，总手术时间,和路径长度。我们假设，对于更有经验的人和更容易的任务，空闲时间会更短。
结果：在所有参与者中确定了总共365个空闲期。在3个特定的程序步骤中，服务员的空闲时间较少（P<.001）。所有参与者在易碎组织上的空闲时间都更长（P<0.005）。
结论：使用实验模型，在越来越困难的组织类型上进行手术时，发现空闲时间与经验和运动计划相关。需要进一步的工作来探索空闲时间作为有效的心理运动措施。
方法：这项初步研究测试了外科手术的精神运动计划技巧（n=6），居民（n=4）和医学生（n=5）在不同难度的缝合任务。使用运动跟踪系统收集性能数据。分析参与者的手部运动的空闲时间，总手术时间,和路径长度。我们假设，对于更有经验的人和更容易的任务，空闲时间会更短。
结果：在所有参与者中确定了总共365个空闲期。在3个特定的程序步骤中，服务员的空闲时间较少（P<.001）。所有参与者在易碎组织上的空闲时间都更长（P<0.005）。
结论：使用实验模型，在越来越困难的组织类型上进行手术时，发现空闲时间与经验和运动计划相关。需要进一步的工作来探索空闲时间作为有效的心理运动措施。
