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Abstract：
Reliable and fast segmentation of the human cerebellum with its complex architecture of lobes and lobules has been a challenge for the past decades. Emerging knowledge of the functional integration of the cerebellum in various sensori-motor and cognitive-behavioral circuits demands new automatic segmentation techniques, with accuracies similar to manual segmentations, but applicable to large subject numbers in a reasonable time frame. This article presents the development and application of a novel pipeline for rapid automatic segmentation of the human cerebellum and its lobules (RASCAL) combining patch-based label-fusion and a template library of manually labeled cerebella of 16 healthy controls from the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) database. Leave-one-out experiments revealed a good agreement between manual and automatic segmentations (Dice kappa = 0.82). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to test reliability of segmented volumes and were highest (ICC > 0.9) for global measures (total and hemispherical grey and white matter) followed by larger lobules of the posterior lobe (ICC > 0.8). Further we applied the pipeline to all 152 young healthy controls of the ICBM database to look for hemispheric and gender differences. The results demonstrated larger native space volumes in men then women (mean (± SD) total cerebellar volume in women = 217 cm(3) (± 26), men = 259 cm(3) (± 29); P < 0.001). Significant gender-by-hemisphere interaction was only found in stereotaxic space volumes for white matter core (men > women) and anterior lobe volume (women > men). This new method shows great potential for the precise and efficient analysis of the cerebellum in large patient cohorts.
摘要：
在过去的几十年中，人类小脑的可靠和快速分割及其复杂的小叶和小叶结构一直是一个挑战。在各种感觉运动和认知行为回路中小脑功能整合的新兴知识需要新的自动分割技术，具有类似于手动分割的准确性，但适用于在合理的时间范围内的大量主题。本文介绍了一种新型管道的开发和应用，用于快速自动分割人类小脑及其小叶（RASCAL），该管道结合了基于补丁的标签融合和来自国际联盟的16个健康对照的手动标记小脑的模板库大脑映射（ICBM）数据库。省略实验表明，手动和自动分割之间具有良好的一致性（Dicekappa=0.82）。计算组内相关系数（ICC）以测试分段体积的可靠性，并且对于全局测量（总体和半球形灰质和白质）最高（ICC>0.9），其次是后叶的较大小叶（ICC>0.8）。此外，我们将管道应用于ICBM数据库的所有152名年轻健康对照，以寻找半球和性别差异。结果表明，男性的固有空间体积大于女性（女性的平均（±SD）总小脑体积=217cm（3）（±26），男性=259cm(3)(±29);P<0.001)。仅在白质核心（男性>女性）和前叶体积（女性>男性）的立体定位空间体积中发现了显着的半球性别相互作用。这种新方法在大型患者队列中对小脑进行精确有效的分析方面显示出巨大的潜力。
