关键词： 11-K-DHT 11-K-Testo 11-OH-DHT 11-OH-Testo 11-OH-Δ4-AD 11-keto dihydrotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone or 17-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,11-dione 11deoxycorticosterone or 21-hydroxyprogesterone (21-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) 11β hydroxy-androstenedione or 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 11β-hydroxy dihydrotestosterone 11β-hydroxy testosterone or 11β,17β-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one 17-hydroxy pregnenolone 17-hydroxy progesterone 17OH- progesterone 17OH-pregnenolone 17β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol 17β-hydroxy-5alpha-androst-1-en-3-one 19-OH-Testo 19-OH-Δ4-AD 19-norTesto 19-nortestosterone (or nandrolone) or 17β-hydroxyestra-4-en-3-one 19β hydroxy-androstenedione or 19β hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 19β-hydroxy testosterone or 17β,19-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one 20-OH-progesterone 20αprogesterone or 4-pregnen-20-α-ol-3-one 21 steroid hydroxylase enzyme encoded by porcine CYP21 gene 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 4-pregnen-3,20-dione 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one 5-α reductase 5α-R 5α-Reduction 5α-androstan-3,17-diol AD AKR1C Adrenosterone Androstadienol Androstadienone Androstanediol Androstenone Androsterone Boar CYP11 Cytb5 Cytb5-red DHEA DHT DOC EpiA Estradiol Estrone HSD Hormones P450 aromatase encoded by one of the three porcine CYP19A genes P450aro P450c11 P450c17 P450c21 P450scc Pregnenolone Progesterone S StAR Steroidogenesis Testosterone aa amino acid androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione or 11-oxoandrostenedione androstanedione or 5α-androstan-3,17-dione androstenediol or 5-Androstene-3,17-diol androstenedione or 4-Androstene-3,17-dione cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage encoded by porcine CYP11A1 gene cytochrome b5 cytochrome b5 reductase dehydroepiandrosterone or 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one dihydrotestosterone or 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one enzyme encoded by porcine CYP11B gene enzyme encoded by porcine CYP17A1 gene epiandrosterone or 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase steroidogenic acute regulatory encoded by porcine STAR gene sulphate Δ 4,16-androstadien-3-ol Δ 4,16-androstadien-3-one Δ4-AD Δ4-androstene -3-one Δ5-ADiol

Mesh ： Androgens / biosynthesis Animals Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / genetics metabolism Estrogens / biosynthesis Humans Male Metabolic Networks and Pathways Phosphoproteins / genetics Phylogeny Steroids / biosynthesis Swine / genetics physiology Testis / metabolism

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.001   PDF(Sci-hub)

Abstract：
This paper reviews state-of-the-art knowledge on steroid biosynthesis pathways in the pig and provides an updated characterization of the porcine genes involved in these pathways with particular focus on androgens, estrogens, and 16-androstenes. At least 21 different enzymes appear to be involved in these pathways in porcine tissues together with at least five cofactors. Until now, data on several porcine genes were scarce or confusing. We characterized the complete genomic and transcript sequences of the single porcine CYP11B gene. We analyzed the porcine AKR1 gene cluster and identified four AKR1C, one AKR1C like genes and one AKR1E2 gene. We provide evidence that porcine AKR1C genes are not orthologous to human AKR1C. A new nomenclature is thus needed for this gene family in the pig. Thirty-two genes are now described: transcript (30+2 characterized in this study) and genomic (complete: 18+1 and partial: 12+1) sequences are identified. However, despite increasing knowledge on steroid metabolism in the pig, there is still no explanation of why porcine testes can produce androstenone and epiandrosterone, but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is also a reduced steroid.
摘要：
本文回顾了猪中类固醇生物合成途径的最新知识，并提供了涉及这些途径的猪基因的最新表征，特别关注雄激素。雌激素,和16雄性激素。至少21种不同的酶似乎与至少5种辅因子一起参与猪组织中的这些途径。直到现在,一些猪基因的数据很少或令人困惑。我们表征了单个猪CYP11B基因的完整基因组和转录序列。我们分析了猪AKR1基因簇，并鉴定了四个AKR1C，一个AKR1C样基因和一个AKR1E2基因。我们提供了猪AKR1C基因与人AKR1C不是直系同源的证据。因此，猪的该基因家族需要一种新的命名法。现在描述了32个基因:鉴定了转录物(本研究中表征的30+2)和基因组(完整的:18+1和部分的:12+1)序列。然而,尽管对猪类固醇代谢的了解越来越多，目前还没有解释为什么猪睾丸可以产生雄烯酮和表雄酮，但不是双氢睾酮（DHT），它也是一种减少的类固醇。
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