PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones represent the final output neurones of a complex neuronal network that controls fertility. It is now appreciated that GABAergic neurones within this network provide an important regulatory influence on GnRH neurones. However, the consequences of direct GABA(A) receptor activation on adult GnRH neurones have been controversial for nearly a decade now, with both hyperpolarising and depolarising effects being reported. This review provides: (i) an overview of GABA(A) receptor function and its investigation using electrophysiological approaches and (ii) re-examines the past and present results relating to GABAergic regulation of the GnRH neurone, with a focus on mouse brain slice data. Although it remains difficult to reconcile the results of the early studies, there is a growing consensus that GABA can act through the GABA(A) receptor to exert both depolarising and hyperpolarising effects on GnRH neurones. The most recent studies examining the effects of endogenous GABA release on GnRH neurones indicate that the predominant action is that of excitation. However, we are still far from a complete understanding of the effects of GABA(A) receptor activation upon GnRH neurones. We argue that this will require not only a better understanding of chloride ion homeostasis in individual GnRH neurones, and within subcellular compartments of the GnRH neurone, but also a more integrative view of how multiple neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and intrinsic conductances act together to regulate the activity of these important cells.
摘要：
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）神经元代表控制生育能力的复杂神经元网络的最终输出神经元。现在可以理解,该网络内的GABA能神经元对GnRH神经元提供重要的调节影响。然而,GABA(A)受体直接激活对成人GnRH神经元的影响在近十年来一直存在争议，同时有超极化和去极化效应的报道。这篇综述提供了：（i）GABA（A）受体功能的概述及其使用电生理学方法的研究，以及（ii）重新审视与GnRH神经元的GABA能调节有关的过去和现在的结果，专注于老鼠的大脑切片数据。尽管早期研究的结果仍然难以调和，越来越多的共识是，GABA可以通过GABA（A）受体起作用，对GnRH神经元发挥去极化和超极化作用。研究内源性GABA释放对GnRH神经元的影响的最新研究表明，主要作用是激发。然而,我们还远未完全了解GABA（A）受体激活对GnRH神经元的影响。我们认为，这不仅需要更好地了解单个GnRH神经元中的氯离子稳态，在GnRH神经元的亚细胞区室中，而且对多种神经递质，神经调质和内在电导共同作用来调节这些重要细胞的活性。
