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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Human milk has considerable short and long term benefits for preterm infants, but mothers may experience difficulties in expressing breast milk for infants too immature or sick to breast feed. Oxytocin has been used to assist breast feeding and milk expression, but few data are available to support this intervention in the neonatal unit setting.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that oxytocin nasal spray increases early milk output in mothers expressing milk for preterm infants.
METHODS: A randomised, double blind trial of oxytocin nasal spray (100 microl per dose) versus placebo was conducted in mothers delivering infants <35 weeks gestation. Sprays were used before expression of milk using an electric pump up to day 5.
RESULTS: Total weight of milk expressed while using spray (study powered to detect >1SD difference between groups).
RESULTS: Pattern of milk production; number of pumping sessions; weight/fat content of milk expressed during a fixed 20 minute period on day 5 (\"physiological study\"); mother\'s opinion of expressing and spray assessed by questionnaire.
RESULTS: Fifty one mothers were randomised (27 oxytocin, 24 placebo). Total milk production did not differ between groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance suggested significantly (p = 0.001) different patterns of milk production, with initial faster production in the oxytocin group then convergence between groups. Parity did not influence the response to the intervention. No significant differences were seen in milk weight or fat content in the physiological study nor in mothers\' opinions of milk expression and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite marginal differences in the pattern of early milk production, the use of oxytocin nasal spray did not significantly improve outcome. Most mothers believed they were receiving the active spray, suggesting a significant placebo effect (supported by limited data from historical controls) and benefits from the extra breast feeding support available during the study.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that oxytocin nasal spray increases early milk output in mothers expressing milk for preterm infants.
METHODS: A randomised, double blind trial of oxytocin nasal spray (100 microl per dose) versus placebo was conducted in mothers delivering infants <35 weeks gestation. Sprays were used before expression of milk using an electric pump up to day 5.
RESULTS: Total weight of milk expressed while using spray (study powered to detect >1SD difference between groups).
RESULTS: Pattern of milk production; number of pumping sessions; weight/fat content of milk expressed during a fixed 20 minute period on day 5 (\"physiological study\"); mother\'s opinion of expressing and spray assessed by questionnaire.
RESULTS: Fifty one mothers were randomised (27 oxytocin, 24 placebo). Total milk production did not differ between groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance suggested significantly (p = 0.001) different patterns of milk production, with initial faster production in the oxytocin group then convergence between groups. Parity did not influence the response to the intervention. No significant differences were seen in milk weight or fat content in the physiological study nor in mothers\' opinions of milk expression and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite marginal differences in the pattern of early milk production, the use of oxytocin nasal spray did not significantly improve outcome. Most mothers believed they were receiving the active spray, suggesting a significant placebo effect (supported by limited data from historical controls) and benefits from the extra breast feeding support available during the study.
摘要：
背景：母乳对早产儿有相当大的短期和长期益处，但是，对于不成熟或生病而无法母乳喂养的婴儿，母亲在表达母乳方面可能会遇到困难。催产素已被用于帮助母乳喂养和挤奶，但很少有数据支持在新生儿单元设置这种干预。
目的：验证催产素鼻喷雾剂增加早产儿乳汁母亲早期产奶量的假设。
方法：随机，在分娩<35周的婴儿的母亲中进行了催产素鼻喷雾剂（每剂量100μl）与安慰剂的双盲试验。在使用电动泵挤出牛奶之前使用喷雾直到第5天。
结果：使用喷雾剂时表达的牛奶总重量（研究动力以检测组间>1SD差异）。
结果：产奶模式；抽水次数；在第5天的固定20分钟内表达的牛奶重量/脂肪含量（“生理研究”）；母亲对表达和喷雾的意见通过问卷评估。
结果：51位母亲被随机分组(27位催产素，24安慰剂）。两组之间的总产奶量没有差异。重复测量方差分析表明，显著(p=0.001)不同的产奶模式，催产素组最初的产量更快，然后组间收敛。平价不影响对干预的反应。在生理研究中，乳重或脂肪含量以及母亲对乳汁表达和治疗的看法均无显着差异。
结论：尽管早期产奶模式差异不大，催产素鼻喷雾剂的使用并未显著改善结局.大多数母亲认为她们正在接受活性喷雾剂，提示显著的安慰剂效应(由来自历史对照的有限数据支持)和受益于研究期间可用的额外母乳喂养支持.
目的：验证催产素鼻喷雾剂增加早产儿乳汁母亲早期产奶量的假设。
方法：随机，在分娩<35周的婴儿的母亲中进行了催产素鼻喷雾剂（每剂量100μl）与安慰剂的双盲试验。在使用电动泵挤出牛奶之前使用喷雾直到第5天。
结果：使用喷雾剂时表达的牛奶总重量（研究动力以检测组间>1SD差异）。
结果：产奶模式；抽水次数；在第5天的固定20分钟内表达的牛奶重量/脂肪含量（“生理研究”）；母亲对表达和喷雾的意见通过问卷评估。
结果：51位母亲被随机分组(27位催产素，24安慰剂）。两组之间的总产奶量没有差异。重复测量方差分析表明，显著(p=0.001)不同的产奶模式，催产素组最初的产量更快，然后组间收敛。平价不影响对干预的反应。在生理研究中，乳重或脂肪含量以及母亲对乳汁表达和治疗的看法均无显着差异。
结论：尽管早期产奶模式差异不大，催产素鼻喷雾剂的使用并未显著改善结局.大多数母亲认为她们正在接受活性喷雾剂，提示显著的安慰剂效应(由来自历史对照的有限数据支持)和受益于研究期间可用的额外母乳喂养支持.
