微塑料(MP)污染已成为影响陆地环境的严重环境问题,水生生态系统,和人类健康。当前的研究评估了存在,丰度,以及Rohtak地区地表水中存在的MPs的形态,哈里亚纳邦,印度,正在迅速工业化。虽然MPs的形态学研究是通过立体显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)进行的,通过衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外(ATR-FTIR)分析了聚合物的元素组成。结果表明,地表水受到聚乙烯的严重污染,聚丙烯,和聚苯乙烯。此外,发现MPs的丰度为16-28个颗粒/L,平均值为23个颗粒/L。大多数MPs具有纤维形态,具体如下,纤维(43.9%),碎片(23.7%),电影(17%),和颗粒(15.4%)。MP的尺寸范围为0.61-4.87毫米,平均尺寸为2.03±0.04mm。此外,发现地表水体的MP污染负荷指数值低于10,表明属于低风险类别。虽然目前被指定为“低风险”,“重要的是,在这个关头采取缓解策略,以进一步防止水质恶化。因此,这项研究不仅旨在揭示人类活动的影响,工业废物,露天倾倒废物,和不充分的城市废物管理实践增加MP浓度,但也强调了可持续的替代方案和战略,以解决城市水系统中这种新出现的污染物。为了进一步预防,实施严格的法规和现场塑料废物分类是防止塑料废物在地表水体中处置的关键组成部分。研究重点:发现MPs的丰度为16-28个颗粒/L,平均值为23个颗粒/L。Rohtak地区的地表水体属于低风险危害类别,值小于10。水中的总MP浓度,在所有五个领域,根据颜色排序:白色/透明(39.1%),黑色(15%),灰色(9.1%),绿色(8.7%),蓝色(7.8%),红色(7.8%),橙色(6.3%),和黄色(6.1%)。如通过FTIR光谱测定的,主要的聚合物是聚乙烯(PE)(42%)和聚丙烯(41%)。
Microplastic (MP) contamination has become a serious environmental concern that affects terrestrial environments, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. The current study assesses the presence, abundance, and morphology of MPs present in the surface water of Rohtak district, Haryana, India, which is rapidly undergoing industrialization. While the morphological studies of MPs were conducted through stereo microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), the elemental composition of polymers was analyzed through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The results revealed that the surface water was significantly contaminated by polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Moreover, the abundance of MPs was found to be 16-28 particles/L with an average value of 23 particles/L. Most of the MPs had fibrous morphology with the specifics being, fibers (43.9%), fragments (23.7%), films (17%), and pellets (15.4%). The MPs exhibited a size range of 0.61-4.87 mm, with an average size measured at 2.03 ± 0.04 mm. Also, the MP pollution load index values for the surface water bodies were found to be below 10, indicating a low risk category. Though currently designated as \"low risk,\" it is important that mitigation strategies be brought over at this juncture to further prevent the deterioration of quality of water. Thus, this study not only intends to bring forth the impact of human activities, industrial waste, open waste dumping, and inadequate municipal waste management practices on increasing MP concentration but also highlights the sustainable alternatives and strategies to address this emerging pollutant in urban water systems. For further prevention, the implementation of stringent regulations and on-site plastic waste segregation is a critical component in preventing the disposal of plastic waste in surface water bodies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The abundance of MPs was found to be 16-28 particles/L, with an average value of 23 particles/L. The surface water bodies in Rohtak district fall into the hazard categories of low risk with values less than 10. The overall MP concentration in water, across all five areas, based on color was in order: white/transparent (39.1%), black (15%), gray (9.1%), green (8.7%), blue (7.8%), red (7.8%), orange (6.3%), and yellow (6.1%). The dominant polymers were polyethylene (PE) (42%) and polypropylene (41%) as determined by FTIR spectroscopy.